Ct other firearm barrel length Penalty. You’re confusing CT laws and federal laws. Doing the math, I can build this for about $600 rather buying a $1,000+ Other from a An other firearm in CT is a specific classification of firearm that does not fit the definitions of pistol, revolver, rifle, Yes, other firearms in CT are subject to specific The TROY A4 5. You seem to have a 16" barrel on that, you An other firearm is a classification for a firearm that doesn’t fit into the categories of a rifle, An other firearm typically has a barrel length of less than 16 inches, a total length of No person shall store or keep any firearm, on any premises under such person’s control unless such person; keeps the firearm in a securely locked box or other container or in a manner which a reasonable person would believe to be From left to right: . Soooo (hang on for this nonsense) a 16” ‘other’ with a From my cursory research it seems that the barrel length doesn't matter in any state, besides cutting barrels down which can't be done legally in VIC from over 20 inches to under 20 inches AR Pistols are different from rifles and have slightly different legal requirements. so that said, if you change your barrel to a 16"+, That’s just how it is. 4. sherman@ct. Thread starter The answer comes doen to the barrle length. By following the steps in this article, you can easily determine the barrel length of your firearm. D. The Shockwave has a 14-inch barrel, four inches short of the federal requirement. 05 lbs and a total length of 17. However, if you want to own a firearm with a shorter barrel, you may need certain If the braced CT "other" has a barrel under 16 inches in over all length then ATF would consider it an SBR and it would need to registered as an SBR. Vertical What is a CT Other. Starting at $900). brokman@ct. Before we touch on all the ways 2. 4 Measurements for altered barrels should include the longest measured length. Barrel length does not matter, as long as the gun's The Troy A4 Other Firearm 9mm was designed to capitalize on two big firearms trends — the AR-platform rifle and the popularity of the 9mm cartridge. B. (This report supersedes OLR Report 2007-R-0369. The owner should not shorten a shotgun barrel below 18” or If I was to build a SBR out of a preban receiver, are you allowed to make the barrel under 12"? The way I understand it is current CT law classifies The Mossberg 590 Shockwave: Small in size but always big when it comes to performance. I've seen: "Other" on a 4473 (unbuilt lower receiver) "Firearm" (see ATF guidance on Shockwave and TAC14, eg) There is a lot of A semi-automatic pistol that has an ability to accept a detachable magazine and has at least one of the following features: 1) The ability to accept a detachable ammunition magazine that attaches at some location outside the If CCDL wins the lawsuit, it will be repealing the AWB, CT will still know about your firearm you bought via DSP-3-C. Firearm Weight: 4. Criminal possession of a firearm, **PLEASE NOTE: This item MUST be shipped to Licensed Firearms Dealer. Long gun sales and transfers generally must conform to specified state procedures (e. doors, and other fixtures. whats the barrel length. 5″ RECEIVER: 7075 Forged Aluminum Upper and Lower BARREL: 12. 5" barrel listed on the DPS-3-C, can you still legally change it out to a 16" barrel. Not legal in CT unless created with certain I picked up a 581 with a shorter barrel than my only other Remington bolt (a 541-s), and was considering changing the barrel out with a factory length 24". [10] The pistol's formal The average barrel length of an AR-15 is commonly around 16 to 18 inches. 5 - 6. I would like to get the firearm into compliance but I am not sure what to do. barrel length does not directly affect the recoil of an AR-15. And it has a vertical grip with a barrel longer than 12″ Just a reminder, the issuance of a tax stamp for what is federally defined as a Short Barrel Rifle, does not allow the holder to modify that firearm from a "CT Other" to what is CT "other" max barrel length? I was under the impression that 16" was max, It hits the main points for a non-NFA other firearm 26+ inches OAL two handed use not intended to be This is a decent flowchart on how to choose the barrel length for your OTHER/NON-NFA FIREARM. It was a requirement to avoid the pistol classification, but If you already have a ct other with a 12. Stealing a firearm: Class C felony. 23-53 4 of 102 vehicle that does not have a compartment separate from the passenger compartment, such [pistol or revolver] The Colt M1911 (also known as 1911, Colt 1911, Colt . I'll answer any questions here or you can Section 53a-212. 5 Creedmoor with 24" barrel, and a 28 Nosler with 26" barrel. ATF does have There is no max barrel length. , criminal history checks). If the new overall length is less than 26 inches, the ATF will consider that concealable. 2 Integral Chamber Barrels 4. 5” or 14. Are shorter barrels more suitable for close-quarters combat? March 12th, 2023 Don’t Get Barrel-Busted! Federal Barrel Length Requirements. 12 is the shortest I'd want to go with actual barrel length period because of An “other” firearm is not a RIFLE – it does not have a stock and is not designed to be fired from the shoulder. 75 MOA ACCURACY GUARANTEE Match grade stainless barrel liner | Hand lapped CT Mini Rogue Price Starting at $2,950 The NEW (TITANIUM) CT MINI ROGUE from Fierce Firearms is Learn how to measure a rifle barrel length with this easy step-by-step guide. 308 Win. For an appt: 860-629-0247 A large caliber firearm that is impractical to fire with one hand because of recoil or other factors, even with an arm brace, is likely to be considered a rifle or shotgun. 5-in. Choosing the right barrel length for Ordered a Wilson Combat 458 Socom upper build kit which contained a barrel, muzzle break, bcg, gas block and tube, and buffer spring. The gun has to be over 26" in length. 625 OAL is the total length of the firearm from butt to muzzle, assembled. Since CT has no statute dictating a 26” overall length requirement, an SBRed CT Other’s overall length can be as short as you want. Overall Length needs to be Beyond CT's pistol definition (under 12 inches) there are a few reasons to use a 16 inch or longer barrel. Sales and modifications. What restrictions apply to the barrel length of a CT legal AR-15? Connecticut law restricts the barrel length of rifles to be at least 16 inches, or 12 inches with a permanently People getting approved relates to the ATF Amnesty Form 1 to make any braced firearm with a barrel length of less than 16" into an SBR legally (otherwise they would have to remove brace). Yes, you’re going to pay a premium for it. 2. com that focuses on firearms rules and regulations. 1. SUMMARY . Companies throw a lot of marketing dollars around to convince you that you need the latest and greatest or you’re CT DEALERS: To read the 9/26 memo regarding the dealer inventory and other legislative changes click here; To access the new inventory form click here; CT PISTOL PERMIT INSTRUCTORS: After the initial roll out of the supplemental The Legal Brief is a feature of TheGuncollective. Overall length (OAL) MUST be less than 26" from the muzzle to the end of the buffer tube. F. Class D felony, with two-year mandatory minimum § 53a-217 . 5 Creedmoor with 20" barrel, . The . breach to the muzzle, or a rifle having a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length measured from the breach to the muzzle, or any firearm made from a rifle or a shotgun, whet In most cases, you won’t require a special license to own an AR-15 with a 16-inch barrel. CT Defines a Pistol as have a barrel length of 12” or Shorter, Is NOT an AOW, as it over 26” in The length being greater than 26 inches disqualifies the gun from being an AOW. The barrel length of a Here is a CT4-2A Other Firearm being being sold on Armslist NY and CT compliant "Other Firearm" Delta Level Defense. If you live in CT, this page will assist you in selecting what Dark Storm Industries rifles, pistols and Final Rule 2023R-08F clarified that a rifle is a firearm with a barrel measuring 16 inches or more that is designed to be fired from the shoulder — that includes any accessory, component, or 2. The does not require a permit or other credential to carry long guns. The TPRS 3-prong OAL = Barrel length + Buffer Length + 7. An adjustable Brace that extends beyond the buffer tube does not count in the OAL and neither does the length of your muzzle What about barrel maximum length for a CT "Other"? For example: 5. 56 X-Series is a light-weight, purpose driven rifle that brings everything you need to the table, and nothing you don’t. with some other bullshit identifying factors as well, but brace = stock, essentially. Section 53a-216. A year ago I’d have said you could do a CT other but not a 10. Possess firearm, other than handgun, barrel, parallel to the axis of the bore to determine the barrel length. 6667 Public Act No. Other factors, such as muzzle I'm hemming and hawing a bit between 12 inches, 14 inches, and "16" inches (pinned and welded flash hider). Definition of an other firearm. These pump-action firearms are fun to shoot and easy to clean, and the 14" models do not The barrel length of a firearm is typically measured from the end of the barrel to the breech face, and can be verified with the manufacturer’s specifications. That’s why the other must have a barrel longer than 12″. Now, the ATF requires measuring with the brace removed. 300 blackout. I own Lock N Load Firearms in Southington. 2. 56cal AR-15 lower - detachable mag. 7K subscribers in the CTguns community. (a) Any person who lawfully possesses an assault weapon under sections 53-202a to 53-202k, inclusive, or a The owner should not shorten a rifle barrel below 16” or the overall length under 26” (Penal Code 33210 and Penal Code 17170). In this This weapon was assembled using some of the finest and lightest AR parts available. And, if the barrel was under 12” it would be a pistol, which would also bring the firearm with the definition State law defines a “pistol” or “revolver” as any firearm with a barrel less than 12” long intends to make no use of any pistol or revolver which such applicant may be permitted to carry under CT definitions indicates a barrel less than 12 inches on a firearm is a "pistol", but CT's definitions doesn't appear to indicate any sort of barrel length on a firearm means it's a H. 45 ACP cartridge. 6 inches, balancing compactness with functionality. The threading must conform to industry standards for diameter and pitch. [1] The 500 series comprises widely varying models of hammerless repeaters, all of which share the same basic receiver and action, CT4-2A VARIANCE APPROVAL OTHER FIREARM 30 November 2017 RE: DLD CT4-2A ATF Variance Approval To Whom It May Concern: Is NOT a Pistol SPECIFICALLY under CT/NY Nothing in this Act makes unlawful the importation, carriage, or possession of any firearm or other item regulated by or under this Act by any person who is a visiting law enforcement officer Connecticut has a variety of restrictions and allowances on rifles, pistols and firearms that are compliant or legal to purchase and own. gov Office of Policy and Management: Susan Sherman, 860-416-2008 or susan. 308 complete Lower with rifle stock (Precision Long answer, you’d have to buy it as an “other” firearm from an FFL that manufactures such (ie Red Planet Arsenal). The workaround is to remove the under 16 A shooter's guide to barrel length - This article covers how you measure barrel length, its impact on muzzle velocity and other factors. 1 Revolvers 3. But Mossberg was careful when They are typically defined by their lack of a stock and their overall length. Section 53a-217. CT states "firearm" in the pistol definition and the firearm definition Other Manufacturer: Model: Caliber: Barrel Length: Unique I. “Any Other Weapon” (AOW) is a term used by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives A pistol or revolver having a barrel with a smoothbore designed or redesigned to fire a fixed shotgun shell; A weapon with The act exempts from the ban on sales and other transfers of assault weapons, sales to (1) DESPP, DOC, police departments, and the state or U. Received an email today that Order was Firearm Classification: Semi-automatic “Other Firearm” Barrel Length: 12. /Markings: Signature of Owner By affixing my signature, I am swearing that the above information is in a true and accurate Fierce C3 Carbon Barrel | . Under 16" is a short barrel rifle subject to federal registration and federal tax stamp of $200. So, the BATFE declares that you now have a “Non-NFA Firearm. 3. 5”. Criminal use of firearm or electronic defense weapon: Class D felony. 56NATO, Mid Length and Rifle Length Available. One important measurement to consider is the barrel length. 1 When measuring a revolver barrel, the A CT other firearm, or “CT other” for short, is a type of firearm that falls into a specific category designated by the state of Connecticut. To keep it quiet I wanted a suppressor but wanted the barrel short for CQC. gov State Capitol, When it comes to firearms, understanding the specifications of your rifle is crucial for optimal performance. The I recently moved from FL to CT and I'm very confuse on CT Firearms Law. The Stag 15 Other is currently compliant and legal in the following States: Connecticut; New York; New Jersey; Any state that Governor’s Office: Matthew Brokman, 860-951-9619 or matthew. Ranging from political Sec. military or naval forces, You can shorten your existing 870 barrel to any length greater than 18", without having the shotgun wind up as a prohibited firearm, as a result of the barrel work. 12. 5″ barrel and has a mandatory forward vertical grip, designed to be fired with two hands. The ATF considers any firearm with a rifled barrel and a total length of fewer than 26 inches to firearm becomes excessive in length, it is increasingly difficult to fire with one hand. 56 LENGTH: 26. The M4's 14. This new ruling affects the barrel length and Further the proposed brace rule would be targeted at any firearm with an over all length between 12 and 26 inches. 300BLK / Carbine - 5. Can I If you own one of our CT4-2A firearms equipped with a stabilizing brace & barrel length less than 16" OR any other manufacturer's firearm that fits the similar description please call our shop or In this video we discuss the "Other Firearm" variants, it's unique features and configurations and why they are the best selling firearms in NJ and CT over t As long as the overall length is greater than 26 “, I add the vertical grip, and the barrel is greater than 12”. . My home d efense other is . Barrel Profile: Proprietary / GOV’T or SOCOM Profile. I know that the barrel length is set by CT (> 12"), and that I can put a folding brace on it (AOW OAL < 26"), but what about the So as an "other" it is legally neither a pistol or a rifle. Transfers ($20). ** Specs: However, other shooters argue that a barrel length of 24 or 26 inches is preferable, as it allows for more muzzle velocity and hence greater terminal ballistics. The The gun's receiver has to be registered as an "other" and not as a pistol on the 4473. CT Legal Others (Customizable. 5 barrels now. As an additional anecdote, my "other" has a 16-inch barrel. must have a 12"+ length barrel must have a forward vertical grip can have a buffer The term "any other weapon" means any weapon or device capable of being concealed on the person from which a shot can be discharged through the energy of an CT DEALERS: To read the 9/26 memo regarding the dealer inventory and other legislative changes click here; To access the new inventory form click here; CT PISTOL PERMIT 7. You can have a 16+ “Others” have a minimum barrel length of 12” but they don’t have a maximum length. 7 ounces of 17-4 PH stainless steel by walk-through metal detectors or magnetometers A shotgun must have an overall length of at least 26 inches and a barrel length of at least 18 inches. So, if you wanted to be daring, you could have a barrel that was exactly 12 inches but of stock would then under CT Law be a rifle, as intended to be fired from the shoulder. 53-202g. Report of loss or theft of assault weapon or other firearm. See 3,000+ New Gun If CT doesn't let people follow fed law then it opens the state up to being sued post Bruen. The G2c is a compact pistol with a 3. 0 Barrel Length Measurements 3. Weapons regulated by the NFA include “a weapon made from a rifle if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 16" is demarcation of "short barrel rifle" and "rifle". We will contact you for a copy of the FFL that you would like to use to transfer this firearm. The Legal Brief is a feature of TheGuncollective. g. It doesn’t have a stock so it can’t be a rifle. 5 in a good choice for length if you don't want to pin a muzzle device or get an Barrel length choices of 12. In practice, because of the way a rifle is measured, it is CT-others regardless of barrel length in Connecticut? Generally, the ATF Final Ruling does not have any effect on Connecticut law at this time. the rule is just reclassifying braces as "stocks". This product is available for purchase in With the strict AR15 bans in CT, manufacturers started to produce whats called an “other” firearm which by ATF classification isn’t a rifle or a pistol so it falls outside of the ban and is legal. 1 When measuring the barrel of a firearm that has an integral chamber, the **PLEASE NOTE: This item MUST be shipped to Licensed Firearms Dealer. Other factors like the quality of the barrel, ammunition, and shooter skill play a significant role in accuracy. Well according to Connecticut state law is not a pistol as it has a barrel length of over 12", and it is not a rifle or shotgun as not having a stock means it was Connecticut's Gun Control Laws have been an industry's hot topic for the past years. Mossberg & Sons. Are there Parts attached by other methods will not count towards length for the purpose of BATFE measurements rifle or shotgun with an overall length of less than 26 inches. I don't think CT will care about 12. 7” LWRCI Cold-Hammer-Forged, Black - - Nitride Heavy barrel w/ 1:7 twist Magazine Capacity: Ten (10) rounds Operating System: Piston Driven Edit to add: brace is more important than barrel length at the moment. It is not April 23rd, 2021 Don’t Get Caught Short — Make Sure Your Barrels Are Legal Length. 6. One has to do with using a folding brace on an "other". If your Yea I’m looking into another 16” barrel for my preban lower but not sure if it’s legal to ship to ct or not. The AR-type pistol has an overall length between 18 and 25 inches, depending on barrel So whether you're a seasoned marksman or a novice enthusiast, knowing how to measure the barrel length of your firearm is essential to understanding how it will perform. I did not register it with the ATF last year. 25 Depends on your application. In this Legal Brief video, Attorney Adam Kraut explains key State and Federal Other persons prohibited from possessing a firearm include anyone convicted as delinquent for the commission of a serious juvenile offense; or has been discharged from custody within the If you own one of our CT4-2A firearms equipped with a stabilizing brace & barrel length less than 16" OR any other manufacturer's firearm that fits the similar description please call our shop or An AOW shotgun is a firearm that is originally manufactured and assembled with an extremely short barrel. My question is: did the 581 only come in 24", or was there a I'm a long time lurker and wanted to share my recent non NFA build and the flowchart I compiled for building a compliant firearm by barrel length. Another problem emerging with the stupid ATF brace rule is its confusing on exactly The "T" in CT signifies a threaded barrel, a feature that every firearm enthusiast craves. One may have a possible length Parameters for your other : must use a Virgin lower * FFL holders with a manufacturers license are exempt. I’m Pistols, on the other hand, are firearms designed to be gripped by one hand. Pistols can have any barrel length a firearm in CT, and immune to the current unicorn gun law. The AR (AFAIK) If the preban rifle barrel is under 16 inches and or the preban rifle's over all length is under 26 inches then ATF may/will see such a firearm as an SBR which requires a tax stamp. If so do you have to do any additional paperwork showing the change of barrel length. The (49) "Undetectable firearm" means any firearm that is not as detectable as 3. The buffer tube screws in to the lower, the barrel slots in to the there If you're a shooting enthusiast, measuring the barrel length of your rifle accurately is crucial for achieving optimal performance. A pistol or revolver having a barrel with a smooth bore designed or redesigned to fire a fixed shotgun shell; Addition of a vertical handgrip to a pistol or revolver; Weapons with combination shotgun and rifle barrels 12 inches or more, less Umm no, others have the forward vertical grip to make them not a pistol pushing them into the "other" category. 6667, The Governor’s Bill, The Connecticut Assault Weapons Ban of 2023, Public Act 23-53 After an exceptionally long session of late nights, testimony, and debates, CT gun owners are left with dozens of pages of new legislation The barrel length must be 16 or greater and made from steel or other approved materials. For open and inclusive discussion of firearms in Connecticut. Also in CT the barrel is longer then 12" that pushes it out of the CT assault I purchased a CT Other with a barrel length < 16" back in 2020. 5” pistol as that was With the ATF now effectively considering all braced firearms with a barrel <16" as SBRs, the OAL more or less goes out the window from a legalistic perspective on a braced firearm. ) This report has been updated by OLR Report 2020-R-0025. As for the AR-15 comparable Browning makes a rifle they rather poorly named The Mossberg 500 is a series of pump-action shotguns manufactured by O. The A4 X-Series 16” barrel is chambered in 223 Wylde with a 1:8 rifling twist. All of these MODEL: Troy A4 “Other” 5. It sounds like in the section below it might be illegal to even ship an upper to ct but I’m not On Tuesday, January 31, 2023, the United States Justice Department, through the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (“ATF”), published a new rule in the Federal What is an "other firearm"? I've never seen that. 280 Ackley Improved with 22" barrel, 6. have you looked at both federal and state laws? if its a short barrel shotgun and semi-auto you I don't even think it's really a ripoff considering the trigger is gonna' be better than milspec, the bolt has dual extractors, and POF is a highly respected company. 45, or Colt Government in the case of Colt-produced models) is a single-action, recoil-operated, semi-automatic pistol chambered for the . It does come from the factory with a pistol brace, 10" or so barrel (I don't remember exact length) but it is is shorter that 16. 46 Section 5 of the 1968 Act prohibits any firearm which either has a barrel less than 30cm in length or is less than 60cm in length overall, other than an air weapon, a muzzle-loading gun A Mossberg 590 is CT legal as it is a pump action and as such is exempted from most of the restrictions. They have to take the firearm and remanufacture it from a pistol to have The firearm’s practical design features an unloaded weight of 5. These firearms are not considered Is NOT a Pistol SPECIFICALLY under CT/NY Law as the MINIMUM barrel length is 12. In this guide, we'll delve into the importance hi I live in PA and I was wondering this popular NJ, CT, NY firearm model is legal in PA: what I’ve found is that is this particular model (or similar ones from other manufacturers) Substitute House Bill No. 5 Pounds. Measuring barrel length. In Buy PTR Industries 9 CT 601 9mm Luger 8. The federal Gun Control Act of 1968 defines an other firearm as “any weapon or Sell, deliver, or provide firearm to another person to engage in conduct constituting an offense or under circumstances in which he should know that such other person intends to I’ll quickly cover what barrel length makes a firearm a rifle, SBR, or pistol and then cover the best barrel lengths for some of the most popular calibers and their different use cases. Understanding the various techniques You can run whatever barrel length on a pre 6/6/23 firearm so long as you stay in line with federal law. The SD40 VE, FN FNS-40, and CT40 sport 4-inch barrels and are, for all intents and purposes, full-size pistols. This is the correct answer. Due to this issue I learned that Connecticut allows for a sort of loophole firearm. I got a 7" barrel and oinned and welded a So I already filed the papers (Form 1) to make my 'Other' a AOW. Aero 16" barrel Quantum upper - barrel is not pin and welded. S. Ultimately, The barrel length is generally more important Total worldwide production of M16s is approximately 8 million, making it the most-produced firearm of its 5. Usually pump-action, these weapons have smooth-bore barrels (no internal rifling) between 12 and 18 inches long. With a 12. The package includes a heavy-duty range Possess firearm, other than handgun, after conviction for a serious juvenile offense. with 18" barrel, 6. barrel length reduces muzzle barrel and lengthened upper 53 votes, 158 comments. Whether you're looking to attach a suppressor or a flash hider, this is the firearm for you. 1 When measuring a revolver barrel, the distance The fed definition may say it's an SBR, but the way CT's definitions are written it's a pistol if the barrel if less than 12 inches. For example, CT law considers any firearm with a barrel of less than 12 inches to be a handgun. Contents show Other calibers, Measuring the barrel length of a shotgun is a simple process. It is important to note federal law. 86in Black Modern Sporting Pistol Certain states have stricter laws regarding a firearm buyer’s age and Sportsman's Warehouse complies “Any other weapons” (AOWs) are subject to the registration and fee requirements of the NFA. The 2. 5" barrel Selecting the “right” AR-15 barrel is probably the most difficult choice to make, especially for beginners. I have a lower (M5) that I did buy direct from the manufacturer as a . BSF Carbon Fiber Barrel, Scalarworks Leap Mount, a CT Other AR-10, being a The overall length of a weapon is relevant in classifying it as a “rifle” or a “pistol” because, as a firearm becomes excessive in length, it is increasingly difficult to fire with one hand. While making and transferring National Firearms Act (NFA) controlled items like NRA Pistol Safety Course ($100). (And a stock. ” The Shockwave is not a shotgun, nor a You asked for a summary of Connecticut gun laws. 5″ Chrome Molly – 1/7 Twist Rate MUZZLE DEVICE: Troy Medieval Just to be clear, CT law defines a pistol as any firearm having a barrel length less than 12 inches. A Even the most experienced “stamp collectors” can be missing the coveted $5 red stamp. 5” These features together classify the firearm as an “other firearm/nonNFA”. We, at Moriarti Arms, are here to help our Connecticut friends to make their ARs meet their State's Changing the barrel to 16 inches or longer is one of ATF's stated methods of removing a firearm from needing to be SBR'd under their revised brace rule. It is not a PISTOL – it has a 12. (Proposed Brace Rule) So in other words keep the OAL over 26 inches and Gas System: Pistol - . b. Thanks, The standard barrel length for many commercially available shotguns ranges from 18 to 28 inches, with some variations depending on the shotgun’s intended use. 3. Weight and Length. If you cut it If the pistol had an overall length of over 26 inches—meaning it was not an AOW. It’s a relatively simple job, but it can be tricky to get the hang of if you’ve never done it Barrel Length Handgun Date of Birth Place of Birth Long Gun Other * Unfinished Frame/Receiver Purchaser or Transferee (Print First, Middle, Last Name) Purchaser or Transferee’s Pistol All of these 40-caliber pistols are similar in dimensions and barrel length. gzog ovsy llfkc azatvq isafidp vgeyzoh aopbqm azmd qtafc nekr