Physiological adaptation of xerophytes. Others are the adaptations of xerophytes.

Physiological adaptation of xerophytes Their adaptations may help them increase water intake, decrease water loss, or store water when it is available. How do morphological adaptations explain the typical size and shape of an arctic mammal versus a closely related tropical or hot desert mammal? Discuss various adaptations of xerophytes to their habitats. ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS ADAPTATION •Any feature of the organism or its parts which is of definite significance in allowing that organism to exist under the conditions of its habitat is called adaptation. Adaptations Required . Xerophytes Adaptations. Xerophytes are plants that are adapted to dry or desert areas. Ecological adaptations of Xerophytes. The xerophytes are classified into three categories. The relationship between the ecological adaptive strategies of some halophyte groups and their metabolism has been demonstrated; this correlation determines their competitive capabilities and place in the ecosystem. Halo = salt; Saline soils are soils that contain high concentration of salts, such as coastal salt marshes and land where the tide comes in and out; Halophytes have physiological and structural adaptations to survive in these conditions, including (ii) Xeroplastic adaptation is the ones that are induced temporarily but disappear when the conditions are favourable. Jan 1, 2025 · Xerophyte adaptations increase water intake, limit water loss, and store water efficiently. Plants that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes. Leaves are usually large, broad, thin and have different shapes. Jun 2, 2020 · This chapter discusses frontier knowledge about morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations and strategies of survival enabling xerophytes to develop and complete their life cycles in Mar 11, 2020 · Xerophytes are plants which grow in xeric environment. Xerophytes, however, are able to operate with minimal water intake due to their well-adapted physiological and biochemical These plants develop special structural and physiological characteristics to meet the following conditions: (i) To absorb as much water as they can get from the surroundings. Describe the appendage adaptations within the phylum Arthropoda . e. The scarcity of water in soil coupled with the high rate of transpiration makes the xerophytes exhibit physiological specialization. Physiological adaptations. Lack of readily available water causes a plant to experience stress; this causes the physiological processes within the plant to become unstable and less efficient in production activities. Plants that live in extremely dry environments have the opposite problem: how to get and keep water. Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants found exclusively in habitats with high levels of soil salinity. May 19, 2021 · Most of morphological and anatomical adaptations of halophytes are xeromorphic by their nature. Epiphytes are plants which grow perched on other plants May 7, 2023 · The stress adaptation strategy of desert inhibits plants via physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Hydrophytic Adaptations: • As the aquatic environment is uniform throughout, the hydrophytes develop very few adaptive features. Learn about the morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations that help these plants thrive in arid environments. Dealing with halophytes as a special case of xerophytes is an old idea promoted by the subtle observations of plant ecologists from the end of the nineteenth century, especially Warming (1897, 1909) and Schimper (1891, 1903) who emphasized the hypothesis of “physiological dryness” (see extensive 2. Arid zone . For example, a cactus has white hairs which help it to prevent water loss. One of the most interesting of all botanical adaptations is the areole. C4 and CAM photosynthetic pathway and anatomy or by temporally escaping drought through shortened their life cycles. . Adaptations in hydrophyte are of three kinds, ecological, physiological and anatomical. mongolica and Z. (iii) To reduce the transpiration rate. Plants that live in a dry or xeric state such as deserts are known as xerophytes. For a plant to survive with very little water, it is necessary for them to have certain physiological and morphological adaptations. Xerophytes are adapted to survive in hot deserts where there is very little water. This unusual feature is associated with metabolic activities of these plants. Hydrophytes, like water lilies, have adaptations like thin cuticles, many open stomata, wide flat leaves, and air spaces to thrive in aquatic environments Jan 8, 2023 · The etymology of the word xerophyte derives from the Greek words phuton which means ‘plant’ and xeros which means ‘dry’. Epiphytes are plants which grow perched on other plants Physiological Adaptations of Xerophytes . Mosses with 12,700 species [1] Dec 11, 2015 · Xerophyte adaptations increase water intake, limit water loss, and store water efficiently. A. (iv) To reduce consumption of water. , 2008; Esen et al. In summary, the strategies of our selected xerophytes encompass efficient carbon fixation capabilities, morphological and physiological adaptability and genotypic adaptation, among other diverse drought-tolerance mechanisms. (ii) To retain water in their organs for very long time. Explanation: The clinging roots are an adaptation of epiphytes. These include: Deep roots: Xerophytes have deep roots that can reach underground water sources. We also selected 11 mesophytes as controls. Nov 20, 2018 · In light of this background, there has been increasing research interest in revealing the physiological behaviors and mechanisms that underpin the drought adaptations and strategies seen in xerophytes (Yoshimura et al. The features of the content of total and membrane lipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, … Nov 19, 2018 · In light of this background, there has been increasing research interest in revealing the physiological behaviors and mechanisms that underpin the drought adaptations and strategies seen in xerophytes (Yoshimura et al. Halophytes are plants that are adapted to saline, or salty, conditions. These plants develop special structural and physiological characteristics to meet the following conditions: (i) To absorb as much water as they can get from the surroundings. Oct 23, 2013 · “Living stones” (Lithops spp. Nov 27, 2022 · 3. Water intake adaptations include deep or widespread roots, and high salt content to increase osmosis. Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm pl →What are some adaptations of Xerophytes? Xerophytes have several adaptations that help them survive in dry environments. Xerophytes can be found in the snow covered Alps and the icy Arctic. , 2012; Shi et al. Plants that grow in dry habitat are called xerophytes. Mar 3, 2011 · Xerophytes (from the Greek xero for ‘dry’) are plants that are adapted to dry and arid conditions; Xerophytes have physiological and structural (xeromorphic) adaptations to maximise water conservation Dec 12, 2024 · Revision notes on Xerophytic Plant Leaf Adaptations for the Cambridge (CIE) AS Biology syllabus, written by the Biology experts at Save My Exams. These include various structural, morphological and anatomical changes in the plants. Morphological adaptations: (Adaptations in external features) (2). Physiological adaptations (Adaptations in metabolic features) (1). Reduced leaves: Xerophytes often have small, reduced leaves that minimize water loss through transpiration. Our experiments have Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like What are xerophytes?, State five typical adaptations of a xerophytic plant. com>. Closure of stomata leads to reduced CO2 assimilation. Morphological: (I) Roots: Less significant and are of Secondary importance. The xerophytes that contain abundant hairs, on their leaves and Functional adaptations could include changes in physiological processes, while behavioural adaptations involve alterations in an organism's actions or strategies. These adaptations are critical for survival, reproduction, and long-term sustainability. , changes in the same species over very long period of time resulted in development of some new and changed modifications while later one is associated In desert communities, xerophytes have adaptations to hold water, which is in very short supply. Some adaptations of hydrophytes mainly include, Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about xerophytes? I. Morphological Adaptions of Altogether structural and physiological changes together with an increased concentration of plant protectants are the adaptation strategies adopted by the extremophytes for preventing the excess generation of ROS and their scavenging if produced by chance (Fig. ), around world, decreasing crop yield and upsetting the balance of ecosystems. Spines, which are highly adapted rhythm are important adaptations of xerophytes. Physiological Adaptation of Xerophytes: 1. Let us make an in-depth study of the categories of xerophytes and its physiological adaptation. Some common examples of xerophytes are Casuarina and Asparagus. e. Perennial plants which can withstand prolonged period of drought are called Non-succulents or true xerophytes Eg: Casurina, Nerium, Ziziphus, Calotropis etc. A xerophyte (from Greek ξηρός xeros 'dry' + φυτόν phuton 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Dec 11, 2015 · Xerophyte adaptations increase water intake, limit water loss, and store water efficiently. The physiological mechanisms that optimise the photosynthetic processes of Lithops spp. Anatomical (internal) adaptations 3. Mar 14, 2021 · Physiological Adaptations Succulents are well known to contain polysaccharides, pentosans and a number of acids. According to Maximov (1929), although the net rate of transpiration per plant is much reduced in xerophytes but the rate of transpiration per unit area is much greater. These plants are interesting because they are well-adapted for life in arid … Dec 11, 2015 · Xerophyte adaptations increase water intake, limit water loss, and store water efficiently. Adaptation in xeric (dry) and hydric (wet) conditions refers to organisms' ability to adjust and thrive in environments with varying water availability. May 15, 2024 · Physiological Adaptations. 3. Apr 1, 2024 · The stress adaptation strategy of desert inhibits plants via physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses. 11. They required very poor water environment • MESOPHYTES: Plant that grows in neither very dry nor very wet environment CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROPHYTES: Based on water and air relation 1. Aloe, Agave, Bryophyllum. May 3, 2021 · Xerophytes have physiological and structural (xeromorphic) adaptations to maximise water conservation Xeromorphic features table Photomicrograph and annotated drawing showing the xeromorphic features of a leaf of Ammophilia arenaria (Marram grass) Physiological Adaptations: It was long assumed that the structural adaptations in the body of xerophytes were useful in reducing the transpiration but now a number of experiments related with the physiology of these plants reveal some facts which are contrary to the early assumptions. Cactus- a xerophyte. Their leaves are thick and hairy to reduce water loss. 1. Nov 20, 2018 · Understanding the unusual physiological mechanisms that enable drought tolerance in xerophytes will be of considerable benefit because of the potential to identify novel and key genetic elements Nov 20, 2018 · Understanding the unusual physiological mechanisms that enable drought tolerance in xerophytes will be of considerable benefit because of the potential to identify novel and key genetic elements for future crop improvements. . The environmental adaptations achieved by xerophytes to escape drought or to endure recurrent drought (drought is not easily defined; it refers to periods during which the soil contains little or no available water) can be either morphological (structural) or physiological or both. The thick matting of hairs also prevents rapid evaporation through stomata. The osmotic concentration of the cell sap is usually higher than among plants growing under less arid environment. Saline soils Plants use anatomical, physiological and life history mechanisms for coping with harsh desert environments 10/23/09 1 mechanisms for coping with harsh desert environments 1. May 4, 2021 · Physiological adaptations. From modified leaves and water-storing tissues to unique physiological processes like CAM photosynthesis, these plants have evolved an impressive array of tools Jul 29, 2022 · Plants inhabiting desert ecosystems, also known as xerophytes, exhibits morphological and physiological adaptations to resist the abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity. Mar 14, 2021 · 9. In plenty of moisture and watery conditions. 10. while minimising transpirational water loss in both above- and below-ground tissues remain unclear. Notulae Scientia …, 2012. For understanding the phenomena in detail, the following sections emphasize high A xerophyte is a plant which is adapted to live in dry, arid conditions. 4. Morphological (external) adaptations 2. -if there is a reduced available water, the leaf will curl with the lower surface inside -cuticle and upper epidermis extends all the way around leaf for protection-this reduced the exposed surface area, thus reducing transpiration as it is more difficult for water to escape-a reduced number of stomata-helps direct rain water water directly towards roots-helps to keep a relatively humid These adaptations are numerous and diverse; when considered with associated physiological modifications it is clear that very few generalizations should be made about xerophytes. b) Succulent with fleshy leaves: Also called as Malacophyllous Xerophytes. ::mined the physiological adaptation to drou~ht, using gasometric tachniquelO. Hydrophytes are adapted to the aquatic environment. The plant structure is not well differentiated. Overall development is poor, may be entirely absent. Adaptations of xerophytes May 16, 2024 · Adaptations of Hydrophytes. Xerophytic space can be of two 9. To survive these harsh conditions they have special features. They have adaptations like stilt roots, buttress roots, and pneumatophores for gas exchange and anchorage. , 2013; Yuan et al. Almost 35% of the Earth’s land surface is covered by desert ecosystems. Presence of the cuticle, polished surface, compact Nov 21, 2023 · Xerophyte adaptations are numerous. They have developed various morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations to either endure or avoid drought conditions. The development of a waxy cuticle around plant tissues like leaves and stems helps prevent water loss during transpiration. Read less 2) SUCCULENT XEROPHYTES: PLANTS WITH FLESHY AND SUCCULENT PARTS: TWO TYPES: - a) Succulent with fleshy stem: Opuntia, Echinococcus. Furthermore, we illustrate the halophyte-mediated phytoremediation process in salinity-affected areas, as well as their potential impacts on soil properties. Mar 14, 2021 · • Recent physiological experiments on these plants have proved that xeromorphism in these plants is, apparently, an example of purposeless adaptation. Various anatomical adaptations in xerophytic plants which helps to absorb as much as water as possible, to store for long time and to reduce the rate of transpiration which enables Jan 4, 2016 · Xerophytes, like marram grass and cacti, have adaptations such as thick waxy cuticles, sunken stomata, reduced leaves, and the ability to store water to conserve water in dry conditions. g. It requires a lot of adaptation. III. Oct 10, 2024 · Other Adaptations in Xerophytes. Xerophytes have thick cuticles, lost or finely divided leaves, reduced stomata, and CAM photosynthesis. Explanation: In xerophytes, the petiole is adapted into a fleshy leaf-like part called phyllode. These features are referred as adaptations. To survive in the aquatic habitat, hydrophytes modify their structures like leaves, stem, roots and the physiology of the cells to adapt themselves according to the different aquatic habitats like freshwater, marine water, lakes, ponds. State and explain in detail, the adaptation of fish to their environment. During stress response (e. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT BASED ON WATER RELATION BY WARMING 1909 • HYDROPHYTES: Plants growing in water or close to water • XEROPHYTES: Plants grows & adapt under adverse . Aug 22, 2024 · These adaptations allow them to endure extreme temperatures and prolonged periods of drought, while minimizing water loss and maximizing water use efficiency. Xerophytes. They have adapted morphological, physiological and anatomical changes in order to survive in xeric conditions. It is indicated by the physiological features. Answer and Explanation: 1 Physiological adaptations. 1 Morphological, Anatomical & Physiological Adaptations of Hydrophytes Aarif Maqbool Xerophytes: Plants that live in conditions where water is scare. The all three major groups of xerophytes have some common adaptations to survive in very dry conditions. Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm pl May 4, 2023 · Physiological Adaptations. Temporary wilting takes place at room temperature when there is water scarcity. 2. 9. It is generally assumed that salt stress is the most important limiting factor for plant growth in natural saline environments, and that halophytes have developed specific adaptations to elevated salinity which make them unfitted to grow in the absence of salt, thus Adaptations based on morphology. They also exploit the ecological services provided by the microbial communities naturally Nov 27, 2022 · 6. It requires no adaptations. Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. Zone. The water plant shows a large number of peculiar adaptations mainly due to the high water content around, deficient supply of oxygen for submerged plants, low temperature, etc. The stomata of these plants open during night hours and remain closed during the day. In recently published researches devoted to the identification of specific drought resistance mechanisms in some xerophytes, a transcriptome and ∗Author for correspondence: <samarinalidia@gmail. Extreme desert conditions are very harsh and certain organisms survive there due to their behavioural, physiological and biochemical adaptations. Classification of Xerophytes: Xerophytes: Based on the habitat, plants can be classified into three groups. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are Apr 26, 2024 · What are the Physiological Adaptations of Xerophytes? Physiological adaptations of xerophytes include CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis and osmotic adjustments to cope with water stress. 1 Morphological (External) Adaptations. Jun 27, 2019 · In recent years, global climate change has been altering environmental (severe drought, soil salinization, irregular precipitation, etc. Ecological adaptation refers to the evolutionary process by which plants adjust their physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits to cope with specific environmental conditions ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS ADAPTATION •Any feature of the organism or its parts which is of definite significance in allowing that organism to exist under the conditions of its habitat is called adaptation. They are mesophytes, hydrophytes, xerophytes. xanthoxylum ring to semi-ring-porosity; simple perforation plate; alternate This Video explains about Physiological & Morphological Adaptation Of Xerophytes / Halophytes / Birds / Fishes / Desert Animal. • Physiological experiments make it clear that the halophytes do not experience difficulties, whatsoever, in absorbing too saline water. Nov 26, 2008 · Adaptations include physiological processes, structural features, and behavioral responses that help organisms survive where they live. The exposed regions of plants always develop thick cuticles to avoid cuticular transpiration. This is an idea adopted by many authors who have “subscribed” to Schimper’s hypothesis, comparing the adaptations of halophytes with those of xerophytes. Adaptations in xerophytes . Plants with adaptations which allow them to live in hot and dry conditions are called xerophytic close xerophytic A type of plant that has adapted to living in a dry habitat such as a desert. Some enzymes, such as catalases, peroxidases, are more active in xerophytes than in mesophytes. Long periods of drought; unpredictable precipitation 2. It requires little adaptation. Xerophytic adaptations may be morphological, anatomical or physiological. High soil and leaf temperatures 3. Ecological adaptation refers to the evolutionary process by which plants adjust their physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits to cope with specific environmental conditions physiological mechanisms of xerophytes adaptation to osmotic stress will provide deeper understanding of plant drought resistance. Introduction Plants have evolved over millions of years to adapt to the diverse ecological environments they inhabit. Jan 1, 2014 · In the spirit of Schimper’s hypothesis of “physiological dryness” , the idea that, at least in part, halophytes represent a particular group within xerophytes should be reinforced. , light), physiological changes reduce leaf turgor pressure and stomata closure. Hairs In several xerophytic plants, especially those of alpine regions exposed to strong winds, a covering of matted epidermal hairs on the underside of the leaves prevent water loss. Both epiphytes and halophytes have anatomical and physiological adaptations to conserve water in arid conditions. School of Botany, University of Melbourne re-ex. All the species have obvious growth ring boundaries except sometimes discontinuous in T. Discover the unique characteristics of cactus and succulents. Another strategy for avoiding water deficit stress is physiological tolerance when in plants have evolved the physiological abilities to survive desiccation. One primary adaptation of xerophytes is their reduced leaf surface area. Catalases, peroxidases are more active: Amylase enzyme hydrolyses the starch very actively. Polysaccharides converted in to cellulose, formation of suberin. Xerophytes are live in a physiologically dry environment. #AdaptationXEROPHYTES #Adapta Explore the ecological adaptations of xerophytes, also known as desert plants. , 2015), plants that live in arid regions such as the Gobi Desert. Here the authors have sought to organise information both from an extensive literature, and from their own research, so that it can be presented in a digestible form. Water potential is low, and osmotic demand is high. Apr 30, 2022 · Adaptations of Halophytes. , What are the advantages of having a waxy cuticle? and others. Feb 13, 2023 · Ecological adaptation- Xeric adaptation Physiological Adaptations of Xerophytes: The stomata of these plants open during night hours and remain closed during the day to prevent water loss by reducing evaporation rate. Plants that can survive in physiologically dry conditions are called xerophytes. Plants grow in different habitats such as water and land. •The adjustment of living organisms to their environment by the aid of special structures or function. For example, pricklypear cacti have developed a thick, waxy cuticle that seals water in and mucilage production to quickly repair injuries to the cuticle. In xerophytes, the chemical compounds of cell sap are converted into wall forming compounds (eg) Cellulose, Suberin etc. Physiological adaptations 9. Dealing with halophytes as a special case of xerophytes is an old idea promoted by the subtle observations of plant ecologists from the end of the nineteenth century, especially Warming (1897, 1909) and Schimper (1891, 1903) who emphasized the hypothesis of “physiological dryness” (see extensive Jan 14, 2020 · Physiological adaptation of xerophytes The chemical compounds of cell sap are connected in to wall forming compounds They are finally incorporated in to cells walls. Nov 15, 2023 · In the face of arid challenges, xerophytes have emerged as botanical marvels, showcasing myriad adaptations that enable them to thrive in environments where other plants would wither. Areas that suffer from water scarcity are expected to increase owing to global climate changes A xerophyte (from Greek ξηρός xeros 'dry' + φυτόν phuton 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. The different types of adaptations which xerophytes have are categorised as being structural (physical) or physiological (functional processes). Some common examples include: Cacti (Cactaceae family) : Renowned for their ability to store water in their fleshy tissues and minimise water loss through their small or absent leaves. Epiphytes. All physiological processes are normal. In succulent plants, stomata open during night hours and remain closed during the day. By minimizing the surface area through which water can evaporate, these plants significantly reduce water loss. Nonetheless, a group of plants known as halophytes have the ability to survive and develop in saline soils (wetlands, deserts or temperate zones), may be used in agriculture as a Physiological adaptation: The transpiration rate is very low (it is the essential physiological adaptation of xerophytes). These plants Desert adaptations have already been discussed. Adaptations to Extreme Dryness. These hydrophytes show anatomical, morphological, and physiological adaptations. 1 Morphological (External) Adaptations Although the xerophytic plants are not closely related groups, they all exhibit same Ecological Adaptations of hydrophytes: Ø Hydrophytes shows three levels of Ecological Adaptations, they are: (1). Secondary xylem characteristics and horizontal variations were described in three xerophytic species, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, Nitraria tangutorum, Tetraena mongolica of Zygophyllaceae native to western China. If present – Adventitious, fibrous, reduced in length, unbranched or poorly branched. This is because the definition of xerophyte is: A plant which needs very little water. 3) NON-SUCCULENT XEROPHYTES: NERIUM, PINUS, EPHEDRA. Xerophytes exhibit a myriad of adaptations that enable them to survive and thrive in arid environments characterized by limited water availability. Although the xerophytic plants are not closely related groups, they all exhibit same form, shapes, and structure to be able to survive in xeric habitat. Adaptation and succession both are quite different terminology and processes as previous one is the result of evolution [9] i. Plant Structure . Desert species have higher body temperatures (desert beetle, 33°C; desert iguana, 41°C; camel, 34°C and 41°C in the morning and afternoon respectively). Inherited adaptations to abundance or scarcity of water show the pronounced effects of moisture as an environmental factor Apr 26, 2024 · Xerophytic plants employ various structural and physiological adaptations to conserve water, making them capable of withstanding dry and drought-prone habitats. This chapter discusses frontier knowledge about morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations and strategies of survival enabling xerophytes to develop and complete their life cycles in arid and semiarid regions. Jul 20, 2014 · Halophytes can tolerate saline conditions. Jul 16, 2020 · The halophytes are plant species that have particular morpho-anatomical characteristics that allow them to complete their biological cycles in an environment that has very stringent conditions. Physiological adaptations of xerophytes: Ø Structural or morphological adaptations of xerophytes are well suited to survive in drought conditions. In general, in these species, morpho-anatomical adaptations, or Apr 4, 2021 · Xerophytes are plants adapted to survive in dry environments with low water availability. These adaptations allow these plants to withstand significant dehydration and maintain their physiological functions even under extreme conditions. Tropophytes are plants which behave as xerophytes at summer and behave as mesophytes (or) hydrophytes during rainy season. Anatomical adaptations (Adaptations in internal features) (3). They possess certain characteristics that help (in – delete) them to survive in these habitats. Others are the adaptations of xerophytes. Semi-arid zone . The three categories of xerophytes are: (1) Ephemeral Annuals (2) Succulent Perennials and (3) Non-Succulent Perennials. Mesophytes are live in an environment where water availability is medium and sufficient. Ø Xerophytic plants are reported to contain pentosan polysaccharides which are reported to offer resistance against drought conditions. Hairs can also be abundant over the entire aerial part of the plant. The xerophytes have very high osmotic pressure of the cell sap, which increases the turgidity of the cell sap. Pentose is formed by the breakdown of polysaccharides which have a strong bindle ability to water. The root system is well-developed with root caps and root hairs; The stems are usually airy, strong and have many branches. The most significant adaptations of xerophytic plants can be summarized as the following: 1. Morphological adaptations of Xerophytes: Xerophytes exhibit a number of special morphological characters in their organs like root, stem and leaves Dec 22, 2020 · Most of morphological and anatomical adaptations of halophytes are xeromorphic by their nature. II. Jun 2, 2020 · Anatomical (internal) adaptations. ) display some of the most extreme morphological and physiological adaptations in the plant kingdom to tolerate the xeric environments in which they grow. Xerophytes are common in coastal areas and thrive in saline water. Question 4: Which is not a trait of xerophyte among the following? Wax coating; Phyllode; Cuticle; Clinging roots; Answer: Option 4 is correct. DESERT PLANT ADAPTATIONS Environmental Stresses for Desert Plants: 1. They are a type of succulent plant. In Salvinia, leaves compensate for roots We also review the physiological and biochemical adaptation strategies that help halophytes grow and survive in salinity-affected areas. 3). iaieahtj xnx qhhv ppvtm kfppsyf yridy ziibz cirpyy mnoi wel