Echogenic thyroid nodule. This study aimed to determine the malignancy ...

Echogenic thyroid nodule. This study aimed to determine the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules according to their echotexture and degree of hypoechogenicity. Oct 5, 2022 · The echogenicity of a thyroid nodule on ultrasonography (US) is an important descriptor for distinguishing malignancy from benign nodules 1, 2, 3, 4. Apr 19, 2022 · On ultrasound, the normal thyroid gland has a homogeneous (smooth/uniform), medium- to high-level echogenicity (brightness level). Park M, Park SH, Kim E-K, Yoon JH, Moon HJ,Lee HS, Kwak JY. Previous studies have consistently reported that the Jul 22, 2025 · Purely cystic or spongiform nodules receive zero points, as they are benign. I did an ultrasound on the 18th and just got my results yesterday. Mar 15, 2023 · The echogenicity of the overall thyroid gland and of individual nodules can help distinguish common benign entities such as colloid cysts, thyroiditis, and multinodular goiter from other conditions that may warrant tissue sampling. The lower aspect of the involved gland also shows scattered echogenic microcalcifications (c) Longitudinal scan of ipsilateral neck shows metastatic Sep 2, 2025 · The spectrum of sonographic features includes: diffusely or partially echogenic mass with posterior sound attenuation owing to sebaceous material and hair within the cyst cavity an echogenic interface at the edge of mass that obscures deep structures: the tip of the iceberg sign mural hyperechoic Rokitansky nodule (dermoid plug) echogenic One of the most important ultrasound features of cancer is the presence of calcifications, especially microcalcifications, in a thyroid nodule. Identify nodules that do not need further biopsy or follow-up ultrasound. 6 x 1. ACR TI-RADS's six categories include composition, echogenicity, shape, margins, and echogenic foci [10]. Whether the doctor finds that your thyroid is heterogeneous or homogeneous (healthy), they’ll pay special attention to any internal nodules. (A) Transverse view of the right lobe of the thyroid shows a solid nodule (N) with echogenicity relatively similar to the background parenchyma that proved to be a follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Transverse (a) and longitudinal (b) scan show heterogeneous echogenic nodules (arrows) with numerous microcalcifications in the upper portion of the left thyroid lobe. Nov 10, 2023 · Explore the heterogeneous thyroid: texture and composition variations revealed in differing echogenicity areas on ultrasound. and they said that there’s 2 nodules on my left side lobe (nodule A is 10mm x 9mm x 5mm) (nodule B is 6mm x 5mm x 4mm) - (It is complex, hypoechoic and vascular) and There is a nodule in the right isthmus, 17 Mar 16, 2026 · Results Multivariate analysis revealed that factors, such as echogenicity, viscosity minimum (Vmin), and viscosity mean (Vmean), were significant risk factors for distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Mar 14, 2022 · Previously, we explored the basic physics that powers thyroid ultrasound. This condition can exhibit varied echogenicity and may signify underlying issues ranging from benign nodules to potential malignancies. Echogenic foci are hyperechoic foci within or surrounding a nodule. Hyperechoic: Increased echogenicity relative to thyroid tissue. The echogenicity of the nodules is determined as compared to that of reference structures (normal thyroid parenchyma and anterior neck muscles, including the strap and sternocleidomastoid muscles). mild vs. Jan 20, 2026 · The absence of such data limits understanding of benign nodule evolution and may contribute to misinterpretation of longitudinal ultrasound findings. A 77-year-old man with a history of type II diabetes is referred to an endocrinologist due to a palpable left neck mass. This system assigns points to various sonographic characteristics, including composition, echogenicity, shape, margins, and echogenic foci like microcalcifications. Echogenicity Echogenicity is evaluated relative to the surrounding thyroid parenchyma and the anterior neck musculature. Each feature is assigned a specific point value. Oct 31, 2023 · Phase I is to create a lexicon of US descriptors for thyroid nodules grouped into six categories like the ones used in other RSSs: composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and echogenic foci/calcifications. They may also perform a test like a nuclear medicine scan to check for abnormal tissue growths like thyroid nodules or tumors. Echogenicity was evaluated as follows: a markedly hypoechoic nod-ule (similar or hypoechoic compared to anterior neck muscles), a mildly hypoechoic nodule (more hypoechoic than a normal thyroid gland and more hyperechoic than anterior neck muscles), an isoechoic nodule (echogenicity identical to that of the normal We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Thyroid imaging reporting and data system risk strati fication of thyroid nodules: categorization based on solidity and echogenicity. 2013 Heterogeneous echogenicity of the underlying thyroid parenchyma: how does this affect the analysis of a thyroid nodule? BMC Cancer. 7 cm thyroid nodule that is solid and hypoechoic, with irregular margins and echogenic foci (TR5). The size and shape of the thyroid lobes vary widely in the normal population. For nodule evaluation, radiologists choose one feature from each of the first four categories and all of the features that apply from the last category; characteristics that generate greater suspicion of malignancy are assigned a higher score. Ultrasound is the preferred imaging technique to evaluate thyroid nodules, as it identifies features predicting cancer, with calcifications being a significant indicator. Mar 19, 2007 · A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is sonographically distinguishable from the remaining parenchyma. Previous studies Echogenic foci refer to the presence of “bright spots” within the thyroid nodule, which can be seen on ultrasound. Thyroid nodules may present as a palpable finding on physical examination; however, they are increasingly being discovered as incidental findings on unrelated imaging studies, such as neck or chest computed tomography (CT), cervical magnetic resonance imaging Do you suffer from a heterogeneous thyroid? Keep reading to learn about the causes and effective treatments to manage this condition. Mar 15, 2023 · This chapter focuses on the significance of calcifications and echogenic foci in the ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules. 2017 Ultrasonographic assessment of thyroid volume in oldest-old individuals The echogenicity of a thyroid nodule on ultrasonography (US) is an important descriptor for distinguishing malignancy from benign nodules 1 – 4. Management of Thyroid Nodules Once a thyroid nodule has been evaluated, its management depends on the biopsy results and overall risk assessment. Jul 23, 2025 · The Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) is a standardized scoring system used by radiologists to classify thyroid nodules based on ultrasound features. Mar 5, 2025 · Learn how to interpret your thyroid ultrasound results, understand key findings, and what different thyroid nodule classifications mean. -Fine needle biology on June 8, showed nodule is 4. Nov 1, 2024 · The echogenicity refers to the brightness of a thyroid nodule relative to the rest of the thyroid tissue on an ultrasound scan. Objective: The objective of this study was to prospectively compare Mar 16, 2026 · Echogenicity is a critical factor in the TI-RADS classification, as it helps differentiate between various types of thyroid nodules based on their ultrasound appearance, such as anechoic, isoechoic, or hypoechoic. Fine-needle aspiration cytology US-guided FNAB was performed to localize the lesion. Sep 1, 2020 · Nonfunctioning nodules and nodules in a patient with a normal or high thyroid-stimulating hormone level may require fine-needle aspiration based on ultrasound characteristics and size. 6. Thyroid Nodule FNA Guidelines Commonalties Consider similar features as high risk • Hypoechogenicity (especially if marked), large dystrophic calcifications, punctate echogenic foci, aggressive margins, taller than Key points: • Thyroid nodule echogenicity is categorized as marked, moderate, or mild hypoechogenicity and iso- or hyperechogenicity with the reference standard of adjacent thyroid tissue and anterior neck muscles. A selection of nodules with the central echogenic The Thyroid Nodule Rating System ENTs, endocrinologists, and radiologists use the TI-RADS, or the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System, to rate the various traits of thyroid nodules. The echogenicity itself can determine the next step of evaluation. Feb 2, 2026 · Echogenic foci are "bright spots" within thyroid nodules observable via ultrasound, indicating a higher risk of malignancy. Calcifications are dense deposits of calcium and can be classified Figure 2. A gland that looks even in brightness and grain is called a uniform echogenic pattern. Chapters cover major types of thyroid nodule ultrasound fea-tures: composition, echogenicity, shape, margins, rim calcifica-tions, echogenic foci, and vascularity; parathyroid, lymph node, and non-thyroid neck masses. Since calcifications can also be seen in benign thyroid nodules, the aim of the current study was to examine whether ultrasound calcifications truly Underlying parenchymal echogenicity was categorized as homogeneous or heterogeneous. By measuring five characteristics (composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, and echogenic foci), the system ranks thyroid nodules on a suspicion scale of 0–5. Note the peripheral, interrupted calcifications (arrows) and the irregular halo (arrowhead), features, which are more commonly found in follicular-predominant Sep 17, 2020 · Thyroid ultrasound with gray-scale and color Doppler is the most helpful imaging modality to differentiate normal thyroid parenchyma from diffuse or nodular thyroid disease by evaluating glandular size, echogenicity, echotexture, margins, and vascularity. At the Clayman Thyroid Center, we are dedicated to providing exceptional care for patients with hypoechoic nodules and other thyroid conditions requiring surgery. Na DG, Baek JH, Sung JY, et al. 1 ). Summary A consensus lexicon for describing thyroid nodules at US will anchor the development of an international risk stratification system, encourage consistent worldwide reporting, and facilitate international eficacy studies. Recognize the use of ACR TI-RADS for thyroid nodules on ultrasound to categorize risk of malignancy. The ACR TI-RADS model assigns points to specific sonographic findings, then maps those points to a risk category (TR1 to TR5). (c) A benign nodule with hypo-echoic cystic spaces resulting in a spongiform or honeycomb appearance. Cruzes DG, Quirino ALM, Felix MF, Mello AFC, Seabra CM. The purpose of this study was to systematically characterize volume reduction and sonographic evolution in solid and predominantly solid thyroid nodules during long-term ultrasound surveillance. Sonographers judge uniformity relative to expected appearance for the patient’s Aug 29, 2025 · UGSR demonstrated high specificity (92. Sonographic images are notable for a 2. American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) The ACR TI-RADS system assigns points to various ultrasound features, such as nodule composition, echogenicity, margins, and calcifications. Ultrasonography remains the cornerstone of initial evaluation and risk stratification, guided by the standardized American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) (Haugen et al. 9 x 2. Brightness (Echogenicity) Terms Echogenicity: term used to describe the ability of a structure to reflect ultrasound waves and bounce (generate) echoes. Results: The non-diagnostic cytology rate was 8. As in most other ultrasound features, we lack a biological standard to which the echogenicity can be compared. 1 Mar 31, 2017 · In nodules with calcifications that cause strong acoustic shadowing that precludes or limits assessment of internal characteristics, particularly echogenicity and composition, it is best to assume that the nodule is solid and assign two points for composition and one point for echogenicity. 7 cM, benign category II. 2013; 13: 550. Dec 26, 2024 · Thyroid Ultrasound: Ultrasound is the primary tool for determining the nature, location, size, and number of thyroid nodules. Hyperechoic or Isoechoic (1 point): Increased or similar echogenicity relative to the thyroid parenchyma. 3 days ago · Best Ultrasound Technique for Thyroid Nodule Evaluation Gray-scale B-mode ultrasound using a high-frequency linear array probe (7–18 MHz) is the essential and most important imaging modality for evaluating thyroid nodules, with Color/Power Doppler as a standard adjunct; advanced techniques like elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound should be used selectively but are not required for Jan 26, 2026 · I was recently diagnosed from a ct scan with multiple thyroid nodules, as well as calcification/nodule on my isthmus. Whether these findings were indicative of benignity or malignan Aug 2, 2025 · An “isoechoic” nodule appears with the same brightness or texture as the surrounding healthy thyroid tissue. Purpose To assess the clinical utility of ultrasound grayscale ratio (UGSR) in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules Mar 16, 2026 · The Role of Thyroid Ultrasound Thyroid ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed information about the gland’s structure. Previous studies have consistently reported that the malignancy risk of hypoechoic nodules was higher than that of iso- or hyperechoic nodules 1, 3 – 5. Ultrasound-based ACR TI-RADS and the 2023 Bethesda System are widely used, but the incremental value of combining them and the role of size thresholds needs prospective validation. Thyroid nodules which are entirely cystic, in which case there are no solid components detectable within the fluid, are almost routinely benign. Therefore, a clinician might want to include nodule location in the decision process to proceed or not with a nodule biopsy. moderate or marked hypoechogenicity. Oct 1, 2024 · 1. • The malignancy risk of nodules We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. However, please note that several professional societies have published formal assessment criteria to determine the need for FNA, which are covered in separate articles. The presence of these dot-shaped bright spots or calcifications is indicative of a higher risk of malignancy. (a) A benign nodule. The ACR TI-RADS is based on the evaluation of five key features of a nodule—composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, and echogenic foci—which are scored individually, the feature scores being summed to arrive at the final classification of the risk level, which ranges from TR1 (benign) to TR5 (highly suspicious for malignancy). Feb 2, 2026 · Are Echogenic Foci Cancerous? In conclusion, echogenic foci in thyroid nodules are critical indicators of cancer risk, with all categories linked to high malignancy except those featuring large comet-tail artifacts, which imply benign conditions. Detecting Structural Changes In advanced hypothyroidism, ultrasound can reveal: While performing an examination of the thyroid gland, a small, solid, oval, homogeneously hypoechoic mass is seen posterior to the midlateral lobe of the thyroid gland. TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) is a structured scoring system used to estimate malignancy risk in thyroid nodules seen on ultrasound. Terms in this set (38) Thyroid adenoma Well-defined, solid thyroid nodule with thin capsule; euthyroid patient Multinodular goiter Enlarged thyroid with multiple nodules of varying size; possible tracheal deviation Papillary carcinoma Solid hypoechoic thyroid nodule with punctate echogenic foci and abnormal cervical lymph nodes Follicular carcinoma Well-circumscribed solid thyroid nodule that 4 days ago · What a uniform echogenic pattern means and how it’s judged On thyroid sonography, technicians look at brightness and pattern of echoes. Anechoic (0 points): Applies to cystic fluid. Results A standardized US report should always document position, extracapsular relationships, number, and the following characteristics of each thyroid lesion: shape, internal content, echogenicity, echotexture, presence of calcifications, margins, vascularity, and size. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2018 3 Research Watch short videos about thyroid nodule punctate echogenic foci ultrasound from people around the world. Aug 29, 2022 · Abstract Background: Although echogenic foci may raise malignancy rates in thyroid nodules, the association between peripheral calcification or macrocalcification and thyroid carcinoma is controversial. 73%. 31%) and reliability in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules, suggesting its potential as a quantitative adjunct to ultrasound diagnosis, though sensitivity warrants combination with other features. 3 days ago · Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules Using the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in the NIFTP Era. Hypoechoic nodules may suggest malignancy or thyroiditis, requiring further evaluation with fine-needle aspiration. The nodule demonstrates: Very hypoechoic echotexture, with echogenicity less than adjacent strap muscles Peripheral eggshell (rim) calcification Thyroid Nodule: A discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that may be benign or malignant. Understand the significance of echogenicity terms and what your findings suggest for assessment. 4 cc on left. 2. Apr 1, 2018 · We retrospectively analyzed ultrasound guided FNAs of thyroid nodules between 1 and 3 cm for central echogenic areas. Aug 1, 2025 · Composition describes whether a nodule is solid, cystic, or a mix. Dec 11, 2024 · Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of thyroid nodules echogenicity as a predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodules, while other ultrasound features, such as size and vascularity, did or cystic (no solid portion). Thyroid nodules may be hyperplastic or Apr 29, 2021 · Malignant Nodules Can Be Identified by Their Location in the Thyroid Nodules located in the thyroid isthmus are at greater risk of being malignant than those found in the lateral lobes, whereas those in the lower portion of the lobes are at least risk. • The malignancy risk of thyroid nodule echogenicity is stratified as iso- or hyperechoic vs. Nov 9, 2023 · Hypoechoic Thyroid Nodules: Summary Hypoechoic thyroid nodules, due to their increased risk of malignancy, necessitate an expert and skilled evaluation, and often require thyroid surgery. (d) A benign nodule with eggshell calcification. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Focy, Ultrasounds, Thyroid And More Mar 14, 2026 · Echogenicity evaluation involves comparing a nodule’s reflectivity to adjacent thyroid tissue, except for very hypoechoic nodules where strap muscles serve as a reference point. Among the thyroid cancer subtypes, which of the following carries the poorest prognosis? Hi -Ultrasound May 30, showed multiple small nodules on right thyroid and 1 larger nodule - 31. Compare with normal-appearing thyroid tissue, usually immediately adjacent to the nodule. The presence of microcalcifications on an ultrasound is felt to be highly suggestive of thyroid cancer. Aug 2, 2025 · Gain clarity on your thyroid nodule ultrasound. Nov 21, 2014 · This study was undertaken to define and evaluate echogenic foci and their posterior acoustic artifacts in thyroid nodules. In this article, we are going to guide you through some common ultrasound terminologies you might encounter in your thyroid treatment journey. Feb 27, 2018 · Nodule echogenicity. 92 patients (evenly distributed benign vs papillary carcinoma) were evaluated by a blinded reader for areas of non-shadowing homogenously echogenic centers within the nodules and correlated with FNA proven pathologic diagnosis. 1 cm and has the following features: * composition: solid (1) * echogenicity: Predominantly isoechoic although there are a few areas hypoechoic (1) * shape: taller than wide (1) A 12-year-old girl with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer. TI-RADS evaluates thyroid nodules based on five ultrasonographic features: punctate echogenic foci. Isoechoic: Similar echogenicity relative to thyroid tissue. 4 days ago · Background: Risk stratification of indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda III–IV) remains difficult and often triggers unnecessary procedures. For mixed nodules, the score is based exclusively on the solid component. It helps identify abnormalities such as nodules, cysts, or inflammation that may contribute to hypothyroidism. FNA is notable for malignancy. The various causes of diffuse thyroid disease often have overlapping sonographic imaging features. May 21, 2025 · The thyroid parenchyma appears: Homogenous and mildly hyperemic with two nodules as detailed below. , 2016), which classifies nodules based on sonographic features such as echogenicity, margins, and calcifications. Various risk stratification systems show discrepancies in the ultrasound lexicon of nodule echotexture and hypoechogenicity. Dec 15, 2017 · Did your doctor find a hypoechoic nodule on an ultrasound? Learn what this really means for your thyroid health. Mar 14, 2026 · Isoechoic nodules appear similar to surrounding tissue on ultrasound. Mar 7, 2026 · Comprehensive summary of TIRADS for reporting thyroid nodules on ultrasound for Radiologists and Sonographers ! Oct 7, 2024 · A heterogeneous thyroid is a thyroid gland with irregularities in texture and appearance, often detected through ultrasound imaging. Echogenicity describes how bright or dark the nodule appears on the ultrasound relative to the surrounding thyroid tissue, ranging from anechoic (completely dark, indicating fluid) to very hypoechoic (very dark, often associated with higher risk). Echogenicity refers to how bright or dark the nodule appears relative to surrounding thyroid tissue. Feb 27, 2018 · The normal thyroid examined by ultrasound shows the parenchyma to be finely granulated (ground-glass appearance), and the echogenicity is similar to the salivary glands but of higher echogenicity compared to the adjacent strap muscles or sternocleidomastoid muscle [6] (Figs. Echogenicity is the most important characteristic of a thyroid nodule. Understanding the characteristics that are assessed during the ultrasound, such as size, shape, echogenicity, calcifications, and vascularity, can provide important insights into the nature of the nodule. Aug 20, 2025 · Heterogeneous Thyroid Ultrasound Interpretation Ultrasound evaluation of a heterogeneous thyroid involves assessing echotexture, vascularity, gland volume, and the presence of nodules or calcifications. Nodules with small comet-tail artifacts have a high incidence of malignancy in hypoechoic nodules. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors associated with non-diagnostic results and malignancy. A thyroid nodule is defined as a region of parenchyma sonographically distinct from the remainder of the thyroid and located within the confines of the echogenic thyroid capsule. Understanding the implications of this variability is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of thyroid health. The brightness of a Feb 28, 2025 · This is an example of a 13-year-old girl with subcentimeter papillary cancer appearing as a 0. Mar 16, 2026 · Nodule characteristics (composition, location, echogenicity, shape, margins, echogenic foci) were correlated with Bethesda cytology categories and final histopathology. Note the acoustic shadowing produced These features guide diagnosis and risk assessment. Hypoechoic nodule: A lesion that appears darker than the surrounding thyroid tissue on ultrasound due to lower reflection of sound waves. For benign hypoechoic nodules, which are non-cancerous, a common approach involves active surveillance through periodic follow-up ultrasounds to monitor for any changes in size or characteristics. We evaluated the malignancy probability of various echogenic foci and explored whether the method of determining a thyroid nodule’s point score in the echogenic focus category of the American . 2). Combining the previous US features, each thyroid nodule can be tentatively classified as: malignant, suspicious for The echogenicity of a thyroid nodule on ultrasonography (US) is an important descriptor for distinguishing malignancy from benign nodules1–4. With the exception of nodules that have peripheral calcifications, the risk of malignancy is low when echogenic foci are present in partially cystic lesions. A nodule in the mid right thyroid lobe measures 1. Describe the difference between thyroid nodule signs under categories of composition, echogenicity, margins, shape and echogenic foci. The cumulative score from all categories determines the TI-RADS level, which corresponds to a management recommendation. Sep 10, 2025 · Conclusion Thyroid nodule ultrasounds are crucial in distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules. (b) A benign cystic nodule with multiple colloids, which are seen as hyper-echoic spots with comet-tail. Thyroid cysts which are more complex and contain both solid and fluid components are called many different things including complex cysts, mixed echogenic nodules, and much more. Nov 21, 2014 · Identification of large comet-tail artifacts suggests benignity. Thyroid cysts, fluid-filled sacs, create areas of decreased echogenicity on ultrasound. Radiology reports often use terms such as "diffusely heterogeneous," "coarse echotexture," or "patchy hypoechogenicity" to describe these findings. The need for creation of a Thyroid Ultrasound Structured Reporting Template was first identified by the Thyroid Cancer Pathway Map Working Group as an important method to optimize pathway concordance and to make clear recommendations regarding follow up and biopsy of thyroid nodules identified at ultrasound. Isoechoic nodules usually represent benign lesions. That contrasts with a gland that has darker or brighter streaks, nodules, or scarring. Isoechoic nodules. Key landmarks include the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels (carotid arteries and jugular vein), and surrounding muscle groups. Completely cystic or spongiform nodules receive zero points; mixed cystic and solid get one; solid or almost completely solid receive two. May 14, 2025 · This article covers an approach to interpreting ultrasound of thyroid nodules, largely to determine whether an FNA is required. Ultrasound Neck – Thyroid Clinical Presentation Incidental FDG-avid focus in the thyroid gland detected on PET-CT Patient Data Age: 60 years Gender: Female Ultrasound Findings A thyroid nodule is identified corresponding to the PET-avid region. Learn what this means for thyroid, breast, and liver findings and when further testing is needed. Their darker appearance indicates tissue with less echogenicity compared to normal thyroid parenchyma. The doctor will check your thyroid levels and perform a thyroid ultrasound. Apr 29, 2025 · Conditions such as multinodular goiter, characterized by an enlarged thyroid with multiple nodules, can lead to a patchy echotexture. It also helps assess lymph nodes in the neck and classify whether a nodule is benign or malignant. Free hand FNAB was performed by radiologists specialized in thyroid imaging with a 23- to 25-gauge needle and a 10-mL syringe. 1a, b and 6. 5 cm isoechoic thyroid nodule with punctate echogenic foci (TI-RADS 4). The individual nodules that can be seen on histopathology of a sonographic simple goiter (Figs. This indicates the nodule’s internal structure reflects sound waves similarly to the normal gland. The ultrasound assessment includes five key characteristics: composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, and calcification pattern to classify the nodule as TIRADS 1 through Mar 28, 2017 · The normal thyroid gland is uniformly echogenic relative to the overlying strap muscles of the neck ( Fig. Keywords: cancer; colloid; echogenic focus; fine-needle aspiration; thyroid nodule. It is iso-echoic relative to the thyroid, and surrounded by a hypo-echogenic halo. Images from ultrasound exams performed on different patients show (a) a hypoechoic nodule, (b) a hyperechoic nodule, (c) an isoechoic nodule, (d) a heterogeneous solid nodule with both hyperechoic and hypoechoic solid portions, and (e) a mixed cystic and solid nodule in which the solid component is isoechoic to the parenchyma. kutm ufeavz mven fbek lsxb ladcps yejemitp lyiqsk zryxb mjovyvk