Oriental orthodox pope. May 9, 2025 · Archbishop Elpidophoros of America welcomed the election of Pope Leo XIV with a message of profound fraternal esteem and hope for deepened ecumenical relations between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Pope Kyrillos was one of the greatest popes, patriarchs and ascetics in Orthodoxy. A full communion of these churches with the Oriental Orthodox Churches is very close. This separation resulted in part from the refusal of Pope Dioscorus, the patriarch of Alexandria, to accept the Christological dogmas promulgated by the Council of Chalcedon, which held Pope calls for dialogue of life with Oriental Orthodox Churches Jun 23, 2022 Pope Francis meets with members of the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and Oriental Orthodox Churches We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Stay updated on church news. Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christian churches. Oriental Orthodox church does mot believe in papal infallibility but has a Holy synod that deliberates on matters of explaining theology or dogma. The Coptic Orthodox Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches (not to be confused with the Byzantine Orthodox group of churches) and is presided over by the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria who is the body's spiritual leader. Explore our special Orthodox library packages in Logos, packed to the brim with enriching resources from the Orthodox tradition. In 1965, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople lifted mutual excommunications dating from the eleventh century. 'father'), officially the pope of Alexandria and the patriarch of the see of St. The pope (Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ, romanized: Papa; Arabic: البابا, romanized: al-Bābā, lit. Pope Tawadros II Meets H. Bartholomew's tenure has been characterized by intra-Orthodox cooperation and intra-Christian and inter-religious dialogue, such as formal visits to Roman Catholic, Old Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, and Muslim leaders previously visited by a patriarch. Apr 24, 2022 · 230 Likes, TikTok video from Oriental Orthodoxy (@oriental. However unlike the Protestant church, it still 196 likes, 9 comments - orthodoxcopticmoments on March 21, 2026: "March 17th commemorates the departure of Pope Shenouda the third, the 117th pope of the Oriental Orthodox Coptic Church of Alexandria. Its churches can be found worldwide, where it serves Coptic believers who have emigrated to other countries. 1 - Partes Orthodox Chant Chamber Ensemble. “Unity is not simply an end in itself, but is closely tied to the fruitfulness of the Christian proclamation: unity is for mission. There is much more to the Orthodox Church than these nine facts, of course. “ Christ is risen from the dead, and has become the firstfruits of them that slept. For later Popes and Patriarchs, follow the links at the bottom of this page. The Supreme Spiritual and Administrative leaders of the Church are His Holiness Tawadros II (Pope of Alexandria), His Holiness Karekin II (Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians), His Holiness Ignatius Zakka I Iwas (Syrian Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch), His Holiness Aram I Keshishian (Armenian Catholicos of the Great House of The miaphysites became the Coptic Church (part of Oriental Orthodoxy) and the Chalcedonians became the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria (part of the wider Eastern Orthodox Church). Mar 12, 2025 · His Holiness Pope Cyril VI (Atta) of Alexandria (also transliterated Kyrellos, Kyrillos, or Kirellos), born Azer Ioseph Atta (August 2, 1902 – March 9, 1971), was Coptic Orthodox Pope from 1959 to 1971. VATICAN CITY, Feb. Promoted by the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity, the fifth Study Visit brought together priests and monks from the Armenian, Coptic, Ehiopian, Eritrean, Malankara, and Syrian Oriental Orthodox Churches. (CNS photo/Vatican Media) Holy Spirit creates harmony, pope tells ecumenical dialogue commission January 26, 2024 By Carol Glatz Mar 13, 2026 · Bishop Schneider says infant communion was practiced early and noted by Thomas Aquinas, and continues in Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Churches, making it still a Catholic practice in Oriental rites today. Mark. There were several important exchanges of visits between Popes and heads of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and semi-official theological conversations sponsored by the Pro Oriente Foundation in Vienna. [7] The Armenian Apostolic Church uses the Armenian Rite. After the counsel of Chalcedon in 451 AD the Oriental Orthodox church separated from the Catholic church and have 6 main Oriental Orthodox churches including the Coptic Orthodox prominently based in Egypt. Jul 17, 2024 · Pope Shenouda hosted the first meeting of Heads of Oriental Orthodox Churches of the Middle East in 1998 and a standing committee was established to follow up the meetings. In his address, the Pope thanked the Commission for its precious work which has allowed substantial progress in the dialogue process towards a full communion. Feb 1, 2019 · Pope Francis meets with members of the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and Oriental Orthodox Churches. Mark, [1] also known as the bishop of Alexandria, or the patriarch of Alexandria, is the leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church, with ancient Christian roots in Egypt. The issue of collecting the various works of the eastern churches and compiling them into a canon, each being confirmed as authentic text was a long protracted process. Jul 24, 2013 · Pope is a title of honor, meaning "papa" or "father" in Greek, given to the primatial bishop of the Church of Alexandria. Find your local parish. The Coptic Orthodox Church, also known as the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt. “Unity is not simply an end in itself, but is closely tied to the The Eastern Catholic Churches emerged from a movement which sought to enter full communion with the Pope while retaining elements of their traditional liturgical practices and canonical rules. It serves India's Saint Thomas Christian (also known as Nasrani) population. The following is a very partial list of those Asian-connected saints By Courtney Mares Pope Francis met Friday with a delegation of priests and monks from Oriental Orthodox Churches at the Vatican. Therefore, this list only contains those Patriarchs who served up until 536. Thus, and a fortiori, SSPX represents a movement that reflects a closer sacramental practice than Oriental Orthodox. A distinguishing mark of Oriental Orthodoxy is their emphasis on the one nature of Christ, although they reject Eutychian monophysitism. 26, 2024, during a meeting with members of the International Joint Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches at the Vatican. He was a wonder-working saint with gifts of healing, exorcising demons clairvoyance, clairaudience, and Claimants to the title Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria The Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of all Africa in the Holy See of St. The light of the East has illumined the universal Church, from the moment when "a rising sun" appeared above us (Lk 1:78): Jesus Christ, our Lord, whom all Christians Oriental Orthodox Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and all the East: Formed in 518 when Severus of Antioch was deposed by Emperor Justin I, and Severus and his followers went into exile. The Coptic Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church. Georges Florovsky has a question for you: "One may ask who gave the Church this right not merely to change, but simply to abolish the external act of baptism, performing it in such cases only mentally, by implication or by intention at the celebration of the ‘second sacrament’ (i. The official website of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, a modern apostle of peace and love, is the head of the world’s second largest and oldest Christian faith community. Pope Shenouda was the second longest sitting pope of the church of Alexandria, reigning for over 40 years. The ecumenical patriarch is regarded as the representative and spiritual leader May 14, 2025 · I would also like to mention Pope Leo XIII, the first Pope to devote a specific document to the dignity of your Churches, inspired above all by the fact that, in his words, “the work of human redemption began in the East” (cf. Metropolitan of Messinia to Orthodox Times: The new Patriarch of Georgia “amid numerous challenges” Former Metropolitan Filaret of Kyiv fell asleep in the Lord Pope Leo XIV: Ilia II was a voice of reconciliation, a tireless creator of unity The New York Times: Patriarch Ilia II, a spiritual symbol of stability in Georgia Ecumenical Patriarchate The Holy Orthodox Popes of Rome In this present short work it is our aim to present a full list of the holy popes of Rome, a work which to our knowledge has never been carried out before in its Orthodox context. Shenouda III was the 117th pope of Alexandria and patriarch of the see of St. Learn more about his life and work. Trusted global Catholic news, analysis, and multimedia coverage of the Church, Pope Leo XIV, the Vatican, and issues impacting Catholics worldwide. Hence, these churches are also called Old Oriental Churches or Non-Chalcedonian Churches. The Oriental Orthodox believe that they are the "One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic" Church of the ancient Christian creeds. Nov 15, 2025 · + H. Feb 5, 2026 · Pope Leo XIV made this observation on Thursday in the Vatican, addressing young priests and monks from the Oriental Orthodox Churches participating in a study visit organized by the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity. Its leader is the Coptic Pope of Alexandria, currently Pope Theodore II. The Oriental Orthodox Church prefers the label non-Chalcedonian or miaphysite over monophysite. Nevertheless, even after the growing tensions between Constantinople and Rome and the eventual Great Schism of 1054, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria continued to maintain good ecclesiastical relations with both the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Pope of Rome. Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, [1] is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Explore Orthodox libraries in Logos. Pope: Catholic, Oriental Orthodox should look at more sacramental sharing Vatican Pope Francis leads an audience with young priests and monks from Oriental Orthodox churches at the Vatican June 3 Learn about the Oriental Orthodox Church. Pope calls for dialogue of life with Oriental Orthodox Churches Jun 23, 2022 Pope Francis meets with members of the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and Oriental Orthodox Churches Oriental Orthodoxy is a group of six Eastern Christian Churches that accept only the first three ecumenical councils (the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople and the Council of Ephesus). It should not be confused with Eastern Orthodoxy or Roman Catholicism. Jun 20, 2019 · In Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, it is the norm for bishops to be celibate. Mark the Apostle leads the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, but has resided in Cairo since Christodoulos moved the residence in the mid-eleventh century. The following is the address delivered by the Pope to those Orthodox Church services today continue to serve this educational function. Here is a list of Eastern Catholic Churches that have their origins in the Eastern Orthodox Church: Ruthenian Uniate Church (1595 - 1795) The separation between Oriental Orthodoxy and what would become known as the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church occurred in the fifth century. As the leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) church of the Oriental Orthodox communion, Shenouda expanded the church’s membership both in Egypt and The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (Greek: Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης, romanized: Oikoumenikós Patriárchēs) is the archbishop of Constantinople and primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that comprise the Eastern Orthodox Church. B. ” —Pope Kyrillos VI 🎙️The Orthodox Spirit Podcast: Fr. Based in a Moslem country on the fault-line between East and West, Christianity and Islam, the developed and developing worlds, His All Holiness is, by tradition, the 270th successor to an actual apostle of Jesus Christ, St Andrew, the first Skip a little more and the great schism happened. March 17th commemorates the departure of Pope Shenouda the third, the 117th pope of the Oriental Orthodox Coptic Church of Alexandria. Pope Tawadros II in Kiraza Magazine: Right of Benefit H. On the 18th November 2012, the Coptic Orthodox Church enthroned His Holiness Pope Tawadros II as the 118th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Feb 8, 2025 · His Holiness Pope Francis meets with young priests and monks of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and urges Christians to express our common faith in respect and fraternal love. In 1973, H. 01, 2019 – Here is the address the Roman Pope Francis gave upon receiving in audience members of the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Mark, succeeding the late Pope Shenouda III as leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. Jul 1, 2023 · Pope Francis receives a gift during a meeting with young priests and monks representing the Coptic, Armenian, Syrian, Ethiopian, Eritrean and Syro-Malankara Orthodox churches in the library of the Apostolic Palace at the Vatican in February. Patriarch Porfirije, Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church on May 4, 2025 + Jointed Holy Liturgy Prayed by the Patriarchs of the Oriental Orthodox Churches in the Middle East, Celebrating 17 Centuries Since the Council of Nicaea, at St Mark’s Cathedral, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt on May 18th, 2025 Jul 24, 2013 · Pope is a title of honor, meaning "papa" or "father" in Greek, given to the primatial bishop of the Church of Alexandria. It should be noted that start of oriental orthodoxy which is lead in honor by the Copts because of respect to our pope but not direct authority happened with the council of Chalcedon (451) and the breakdown of Christianity based on which side your church took in that council. . Lazarus Yassa #orthodox # Jan 29, 2024 · His Holiness Pope Francis highlights the dialogue of charity, truth, and life in his address to the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. He is the first widely known pope, and even sometimes assigned the title "first pope. Pope Tawadros II Extends Greetings for the Feast of the Cross Editorial Article by H. Jan 10, 2015 · A Brief overview of History Up until the eleventh century, the Eastern and the Western churches related to one another primarily through a kind of Eucharistic ecclesiology that was exhibited in an 2 days ago · Eastern Orthodoxy, one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity. chrismation) over the The three ancient traditions—Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox—maintain apostolic succession and sacramental theology while differing in governance, authority structures, and theological emphasis. While not denying that primacy does exist for the Bishop of Rome, Eastern Orthodox Christians argue that the tradition of Rome's primacy in the Early Church was not equivalent to the current doctrine of supremacy. Pope Tawadros II Participates in the Armed Forces’ Iftar Ceremony Wednesday Meeting Series: “Spiritual Biblical Principles (Part 2)”: The Holy Bible Is the Main Remedy in Times of Temptation 3 days ago · Speaking of Orthodox "heretics", Fr. 2 days ago · This is likewise the case for a Roman Catholic who present himself to an Oriental Orthodox minister for legitimate spiritual reasons as fully Roman Catholic in conscience and allegiance. Feb 18, 2016 · Our father among the saints, Pope Leo I, or Saint Leo the Great, was an aristocrat who was Pope of Rome from 440 to 461. They reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon. Much of this process was motivated by a need to address various heresies. Since ascending the Ecumenical Throne on November 2nd, 1991, he has tirelessly pursued the vision of his enthronement message spiritual revival, Orthodox unity, Christian reconciliation, interfaith tolerance and coexistence Jan 26, 2024 · Coptic Orthodox Bishop Kyrillos of Los Angeles presents a gift to Pope Francis Jan. Coptic Church Calls the Faithful to Pray for the Healing of the Pope of Love and Peace As part of the continuous and careful monitoring of the health of our Father and Shepherd, His Holiness Pope Tawadros II, Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Jan 4, 2022 · Church leaders who rejected this teaching broke away to form the Oriental Orthodox Church. Pope Tawadros II (born as Wagih Subhi Baqj Sulayman on 4 November 1952 Coptic calendar: [25 Paopi 1668]) is the current and 118th pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria succeeding the late Pope Shenouda III as the pope of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. He has exchanged numerous invitations with church and state dignitaries. Sep 4, 2013 · The Oriental Orthodox churches are therefore often called "Monophysite" churches, although they reject this label, which is associated with Eutychian Monophysitism, preferring the term non-Chalcedonian or Miaphysite churches. Its adherents live mainly in the Balkans, the Middle East, and former Soviet countries. Currently this position is held by His Holiness Pope Shenouda III, Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of all Africa on the Holy See of St. Jul 1, 2019 · The church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches. This process of reconciliation led to the establishment of an official dialogue between the Catholic and Oriental Orthodox Churches in 2003. Jan 26, 2024 · This morning, in the Vatican Apostolic Palace, the Holy Father Francis received in audience the members of the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and participants in the annual study visit of young priests and monks of the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Mark (2012– ) and leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) church of the Oriental Orthodox communion. Feb 6, 2025 · Pope Francis offered that reminder on Thursday as he met with a delegation of Orthodox clergy taking part in a study visit to Rome. Complete text of the Roman Pope Francis’s address, in English: Friday, 1st February 2019 Dear Brothers, “Behold, how good and pleasant it is when Feb 6, 2025 · Pope Francis reiterated his desire for “full unity” with other Christian confessions when he received in audience young priests and monks of the Oriental Orthodox churches. The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (MOSC) [6] also known as the Indian Orthodox Church (IOC) [7] or simply as the Malankara Church, [8] is an autocephalous [9][10][4] Oriental Orthodox church headquartered in Devalokam, near Kottayam, India. " He stopped the invasion of Italy by Attila the Hun in 452 by his moral persuasion, and was a theologian. Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian churches that recognize only three ecumenical councils —the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople and the Council of Ephesus. In the 5th century, Oriental Orthodoxy separated from Chalcedonian Christianity (and is therefore separate from both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church), well before the 11th century Great Schism. Christianity reached as far as China and India. In his address the pope said Christians are called Due to the rise of Islam and the schisms leading to the establishment of Nestorian, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox churches, the Asian saints of times before the modern era are largely concentrated in the area of the Holy Land and the time of the Roman Empire. Jun 23, 2022 · Pope Francis on Thursday received in audience the members of the International Joint Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. was the first Coptic Orthodox pope to visit the Vatican in over 1500 years. The Eastern Orthodox churches "are defined positively by their adherence to the dogmatic definitions of the seven [ecumenical Oriental Orthodoxy by country surveys the global distribution of the six autocephalous churches comprising the Oriental Orthodox communion, which together number approximately 60 million adherents and The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also known as the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, [a] are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous (sui iuris) particular churches of the Catholic Church in full communion with the pope in Rome. This position is held since 2012 by Pope Tawadros II, the 118th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of all Africa on the Holy See of St. The impact of the Coptic Orthodox Church on all of Christianity ♱🇪🇬 “Offer unto all a bright image of your holy church, her true orthodox faith, her glorious and wonderful history and her profound and ever-felt influence in the Christian world. [2][3] Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "canonical") Eastern Orthodox Church is organised into autocephalous The Eastern Orthodox Church is opposed to the Catholic dogma of papal supremacy. The head of the church and the See of Alexandria is the pope of Alexandria on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark, who also carries the title of Father of fathers, Shepherd of shepherds, Ecumenical Judge and the 13th among the Apostles. According to tradition, these communities originated in the missions of VATICAN CITY, Feb. Jan 26, 2024 · Pope Francis highlights the dialogue of charity, truth, and life in his address to the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Coptic itself is an Egyptian language therefore deriving the name. His feast day is commemorated in the East on February 18, but by Western Orthodox Ecumenical Prospects While Catholics and Eastern Orthodox are separate for the moment, over the last several decades, there has been a marked lessening of tensions and overcoming of long-standing hostilities. The primacy of the Patriarch of Alexandria is Tawadros II, 118th pope of Alexandria and patriarch of the see of St. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria cares for about 18 million Coptic Orthodox Christians in Egypt and abroad, besides being the Mother Church of both the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahido Churches. The pope (Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ, romanized: Papa; Arabic: البابا, romanized: al-Bābā, lit. Apostolic Letter Orientalium Dignitas, 30 November 1894). e. We feel that this task is particularly valuable at the present time for two reasons: Firstly, Rome remains the historic centre of the Western Patriarchate and remains a holy place of Sep 27, 2024 · The following is a list of the names and titles of the current presiding patriarchs, metropolitans, and archbishops (primates) of the autocephalous and autonomous Orthodox churches, not all of whose statuses are universally recognized: The Syriac Orthodox Church[a] (Classical Syriac: ܥܺܕܬܳܐ ܣܽܘܪܝܳܝܬܳܐ ܬܪܺܝܨܰܬ݂ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ, romanized: ʿIdto Sūryoyto Trīṣāth Šubḥō), [17] also informally known as the Jacobite Church, [18] is an Oriental Orthodox denomination that originated from the Church of Antioch. APOSTOLIC LETTER ORIENTALE LUMEN OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF JOHN PAUL II TO THE BISHOPS, CLERGY AND FAITHFUL TO MARK THE CENTENARY OF ORIENTALIUM DIGNITAS OF POPE LEO XIII Venerable Brothers, Dear Sons and Daughters of the Church 1. Gain access to the writings of the church fathers. ” | 1 Corinthians 15:20Херувимская песнь, Op. It is characterized by its continuity with the apostolic church, its liturgy, and its territorial churches. The title was also used historically by the pre- schism Church of Rome (and its modern descendant, the Roman Catholic Church) and continues to be used by the Oriental Orthodox Coptic Orthodox Church. The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի, romanized: Hay Aṙaqelakan Ékełetsi) [note 1] is the autocephalous national church of Armenia. From the moment of his birth, his life was struck with tragedy as he lost his mother The Eastern Orthodox Church is defined as the Eastern Christians which recognise the seven ecumenical councils and usually are in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Patriarchate of Antioch, and the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. The head of Pope Tawadros II[a] (born Wagih Sobhi Baqi Suleiman; [3][b] 4 November 1952) is the 118th and current Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. H. The primacy of the Patriarch of Alexandria is His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew is the 270th successor to the Apostle Andrew and spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide. Jun 23, 2022 · Pope Francis kisses a pectoral cross during an audience with young priests and monks from Oriental Orthodox churches at the Vatican June 3, 2022. Mark, the Coptic Orthodox Church continues to follow up on His Holiness’ condition Nov 4, 2025 · His Holiness Pope Tawadros II, in an interview conducted during the Sixth World Conference of the Faith and Order Commission in Wadi El Natrun, Egypt, reflects on the deep heritage of the Coptic Orthodox Church, its unique roles, and the importance of hosting the historic conference, which drew more than 400 people who explored the theme “Where now for visible unity?” Jun 3, 2022 · Pope Francis met Friday with a delegation of priests and monks from Oriental Orthodox Churches at the Vatican. Oriental Orthodox Christians anathematize the Monophysite teachings of Eutyches. 7, No. H. orthodoxy): “Happy Feast of the Resurrection #ChristIsRisen #OrientalOrthodoxy #OrthodoxEaster #CopticOrthodox”. Complete text of the Roman Pope Francis’s address, in English: Friday, 1st February 2019 Dear Brothers, “Behold, how good and pleasant it is when The Coptic Orthodox Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches (not to be confused with the Byzantine Orthodox group of churches) and is presided over by the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria who is the body's spiritual leader.
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