Python function not working when imported

But the default behavior differs: For a package, when __all__ is not defined, import * does not import Apr 25, 2017 · 2. path roots for your project structure. The first time around, Game. If you import a module for the second time, Python does not execute the math module again but gets it from the sys. import pygame. Each module has its own private symbol table, which serves as the global symbol table for all objects defined in the module. So it starts to load Events. x or 3. By using a * import, it means you already added all the functions into the the current namespace. Feb 23, 2024 · Importing a module does not automatically bring all of its variables and functions into the current namespace (unless you use import * ). You still have to refer to the specific variable or function you want to use. Mock(return_value="mocked stuff") If you import mymodule and call util. modulename = 'datetime'. Try import graphics . path or importing the module and name the module every time and it still doesn’t work. This ensures that if you are running this Python file as the main Apr 6, 2018 · The solution I got was to move to the directory of installation of Python 2 C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages and copied the folders pyperclip and pyperclip-1. Later when you are ready to use the imported function (now a module) set the environment variable run_code = 1 (True). I am using macOS Mojave and Python version 3. 12. py and put there your variables: a = 2. x the lower case is adopted. modules dictionary: import sys. Example: FUNCTION SCRIPT - saved at C:\Python27 as function_choose. In general, each Python installation comes bundled with its own Nov 14, 2011 · This happens because the file creation dates (of z. if you do not want to give as parameters variables a and b you could create a file my_vars. shapes import Ball. b = 3. deprecated. py to be: from test import *. Now I have to test that send_formatted_email is calling send_email with the expected arguments. To fix this, developers can use package managers like pip to install the missing module. First of all, uninstall request by the following command: pip uninstall requests. py you can use these variables by importing my_vars. document. path. I'm very new to coding and would appreciate any help as to why this is happening. x series will use lower case, and projects targetting both python versions will check the version and import the appropriate library. You can also do: >>> import sys. A module can contain definitions (like functions and constants), as well as statements that initialize those definitions. answered Feb 9, 2011 at 3:50. 6. Importing in main. Sep 9, 2021 · Thank you very much! I'm happy, it worked! Although I'm a bit puzzled, because I have the same directory structure (just python/{modules}) inside the ubuntu-made layer and when using this layer, the lambda does not have any problems finding the modules and I wrongly excluded that it would be because of the zip structure. I used PyCharm (community edition) to write the script and it is working from inside the IDE. 0-py2. answered Aug 29, 2021 at 7:06. Jun 15, 2019 · The imported get_stats module contains this, and is not producing any print statements to the console: def strip_crlf(value): return value. The best it can do is guess, which is risky. 3 documentation; Libraries. else: available_moves. py (here, I already imported all the modules that I need for the whole program, i. Python code is organized into both modules and packages. – Daniel Roseman Commented Nov 22, 2019 at 8:29 Feb 23, 2015 · If nothing is specified, it will choose the system Python install as the interpreter. python. To import from the same directory, put a dot at the front of the module name like: from . restart VS Code. get_content without first importing foobar, your mock will not be installed: import util. ImportError: No module named <package_name>. py", line 8, in <module> from packages import Class1 ImportError: cannot import name 'Class1' my fist init file in my mainFolder is empty in my init in my packages i try May 3, 2024 · The Different Ways to Import Functions from Files in Python. Soft. py to confirm this. Let's assume you're creating your mock inside module foobar: import util, mock. Note - the parts in capital letters are where you type the file name and function name. sqrt (num)) #Use dot operator to access sqrt () inside module "math". reload(packagename) Python2: continue below. Select Authorisation levels and >> Open in new window. py file with functions in it, no init . >>> import sys; print sys. Sep 12, 2020 · 1. exec('a = 2'). When you try to access a module from the wrong path, you will also get the module not found here. This is a Python feature, and is independent of Enthought Canopy. seed(5) Mostly this is based on the current time. Jan 5, 2016 · Notice, only members owned by the module are shown in help(). import multiprocessing. module1. Hello() def Hello(): print("I will never be called") We have written a call statement in this program before defining a function. Salva. ExcelToXML. When I use the decorator this way: import utils #from utils import deprecated. Importing functions in Python is a common practice to reuse code and improve code organization. 6. if modulename not in sys. ''' Mock Turtle. However, this will work only if you are importing TestCase from the package. This should give you an idea. x tkinter is called Tkinter, so one has to import it using import Tkinter. In Python, a module is a single unit of Python code that can be imported (loaded and used) by other Python code. join(sys. Now you just use your function however it was meant to be. 1 day ago · Modules — Python 3. pyc) are identical, so Python thinks that the file is unchanged and doesn't recompile it. 3 documentation From myapp. util. py file. In fact import module is less work for interpreter than from module import func. In fact, doing import X creates a new symbol ( X) that might be redefined in the code that follows, which is unnecessary (whereas sys is a common module, so sudo pip uninstall requests sudo pip uninstall urllib3 sudo yum remove python-urllib3 sudo yum remove python-requests (confirm that all those libraries have been removed) sudo yum install python-urllib3 sudo yum install python-requests Just be aware that this will only work for systems that are running Fedora, Redhat, or CentOS. replace('\r', '') def get_column_stats(args): # args is a tuple, the first value is the column name of the panda series, the second value is the panda data series. Nevertheless, you can force your module to take ownership of imported names by explicitely indexing your module with the magic module property __all__. Make sure you have any of Python 3. py then I go to the parent directory of app and run the module using the python -m switch as python -m app. When I use the newly changed function from that file is when it fails, indicating that the changes I made were not updated. from module1 import print_hello. 5). add within your settings. exe. For this example, I'll focus on absolute paths. The Python __import__ () method is a built-in method that is used to import modules and functions. The function is thread-specific; for a debugger to support multiple threads, it must register a trace function using settrace() for each thread being debugged or use threading. You don't need to reference mp. math — Mathematical functions — Python 3. To access that function, you should specify the full path: Or have it imported into module2. So you should be able to just make the call using r = incomingConfig() If you want to make the call your way, you'd have to import it as import mp_utils Than later you can Nov 19, 2021 · This is a simplified description of how Python decides whether to treat a name inside a function as a local or global. So if you care about efficiency, put the imports at the top. It didn't work it seems. e, tkinter, csv, filedialog, etc…) and then: Ah, I missed the difference in the modules where the import and use are. py, do. It imports the modules while executing the code. To import a function from a file in Python, use the Nov 20, 2015 · 1. It is not widely used as it can change the semantics of the import statement. with 2 arguments, e. Dec 8, 2016 · And here's the code for the program the functions being imported are coming from: def fahrenheit(): fahrenheit = temp * 1. For TestCase. Aug 4, 2022 · 0. myapp import SomeObject. @utils. So python looks through sys. If you have a package package1 with a module package1. Since the interpreter executes the Now, in your script where you want to use this, you type: from FILE NAME import FUNCTION NAME. Now you have to import requests in the following way: import requests. The real reason why this problem occurs with relative imports, is that relative imports works by Method 1. Import the entire file: import file as fl. append(os. If not already there, add to your system environment variable. You can try run python from python directory - cd C:\python\directory and run python. All I had to do was call basicConfig() manually. I noticed global exception may not works, e. Y = reload(sys. import <module_name>. For example, import the math module. First Installation: Checking the " [x] Add Python x. Here's some code to demonstrate this problem. Once the module code is written, it can be reused by any script that imports the module. Note that module2 is a misnomer, as it isn't actually a module but a subpackage. For file2, the function call doesn't work because there's nothing intelligent about the dot operator, it merely attempts Apr 15, 2015 · If you want to simply call the main function you can use Rick's answer. Use the reload builtin function: Jul 6, 2018 · The import function does work, and it does import my file in. Depending on what the object is, it may or may not have a __module__ attribute. Second: When importing a file, Python only searches the directory that the entry-point script is running from and sys. json file the option: "python. If it does, then reload could reload that module. py to bypass the code (but the temporarily bypassed function will still be imported as a module). Nevertheless, you can still put the "python" command in your PATH, either at "first installation" or by "modifying" an existing installation. If works I am confident You should add python to windows PATH if You want run python from other directories. 8. Open Windows command prompt with administrator privileges (quick method: Press the Windows key. py module. Add the file in the parent directory and import it as follows. py as the script then this will not work. Aug 14, 2017 · Traceback (most recent call last): File "start. Python3. sub2 import mod2 and then, if I want to run mod1. The import system - Packages — Python 3. . But if you are running main_Pygame. b. You should instead run python -m a. ImportError: No module named 'pygame'. in_n_ft = 12. Sep 19, 2015 · Whether you import a module or import a function from a module, Python will parse the whole module. reload(packagename) Python3 < 3. 0. , Ctrl+C when epub. py inside your tests/ folder. y to PATH" box on the very first dialog. Here is the complete function: def load(cnv): global hd1, hd2, variables, datapoints. The init . x, install that and just use pip3 and python3 (and ipython3 and so on), and paths aren't an issue anymore. The -m for module means that it will look in the site-packages for that python for the pip module. import SomeObject. This is essentially a dynamic form of the class statement. This solution is cross-platform and May 26, 2015 · 6. Abdullah Ashraf. py , and is totally empty. However when I try to import it and use it, it returns no output. Aug 29, 2021 · Solution 1: Use explicit relative imports which are relative to the importing file explicitly indicated via . Therefore, if you want to write a somewhat longer program, you are better off using a text editor to prepare the input for the interpreter and running it with that Basic Python import. def celsius(): celcius = temp - 32. Dec 3, 2018 · to your configuration in launch. Implicit relative imports have been deprecated in Python 3, so I won’t be covering them here. If you do have multiple installations, I recommend installing with python3 -m pip install python-docx, where python3 is whichever python installation you want to use. Dec 19, 2016 · The second part of your problem is the way that Python's import mechanism and "from import *" works. dirname(CURRENT_DIR)) (you can merge the last two lines but this way is easier to understand). languageServer" : "Microsoft". This can be done within Python: Feb 10, 2023 · Import the function in the main. If executed, it will result in an `ImportError` due to circular dependencies. The issue is that the way in which you are running the program is wrong, PyCharm is aware on how to handle python submodules and thus executes the file correctly. May 17, 2018 · In the end, the way that I got Python intellisense to start working in VS Code was to: open up the Terminal (View menu => Terminal) type conda init powershell; restart VS Code; After that, Python intellisense started working correctly. SoftLib. Remove ads. Set the system’s trace function, which allows you to implement a Python source code debugger in Python. py to from ManTest. Note that an import statement does two things: Dec 11, 2023 · When we import a module with the help of the Python import module it searches for the module initially in the local scope by calling __import__ () function. Demonstrate what happens when you give your program the same name. csv') country_set = all_set('all. py, you would have to mess with your path. Basic usage of import. This will execute the statement in the current scope and thus create a local variable. Dec 19, 2016 · continue. A cleaner answer is a mix of Catskul's good answer and Ohad Cohen's use of sys. print_hello() or. Solution: import logging logging. frostming (Frost Ming) April 10, 2022, 8:07am Jul 9, 2016 · I need to run a python script from the command line (OS = Debian wheezy, python -version 3. Another cause of ‘ImportError’ is when the module is not in the same directory as the script that is importing it. Sep 12, 2022 · In Python, you can import modules from other files using absolute or relative paths. settrace(tracefunc) ¶. The first line encountered is from Events import *. With three arguments, return a new type object. csv') print wiki_set. hd1, hd2, variables, datapoints = [], [], [], [] o Feb 12, 2024 · Therefore, the Python interpreter will get confused and throw an error, meaning the function has not been defined according to the interpreter. I have imported os and os. Jul 14, 2023 · The default is -1 (absolute and relative). (1) The parameters of the function are always local variables: def func (a, b, c): # a, b and c are now local variables. (2) Names which are assigned to are local by default. def func() print util. This section will explain how they differ and how you can work with them. Dec 17, 2020 · 0. celsius = celcius / 1. When I just use the function "get_available_moves", it performs correctly. Import the specific function (s) you want from file. ) in there, but you need a file in order to tell Python that you can import from there. I'm trying to use the python Xlib library and am running into the issue that Xlib functions do not seem to work when inside a function that I define and then import. It does work when I run the shell in the terminal. modules: print 'You have not imported the {} module'. def function1(x): return x + my_vars. py includes this code: def f1(): return "f one" def f2(): return "f two" R script Sep 10, 2014 · If you can use Python 3. 4 documentation. If you don't need a second Python 2. py to Sep 1, 2016 · 7. Python caches imported modules, and so it would not pick up the changes in file. import module1. First, see if you have /bin/env or if env is in a different directory. man1test. "cd C:\Program In the example below, math module is imported into the program so that you can use sqrt () function defined in it. To prove this, let’s modify the example1. Share. basicConfig() # Add logging level here if you plan on using logging. May 16, 2020 · I've installed python and pandas using the Anaconda library, but it doesn't work when I try to import pandas in Jupyter Notebook or in the Python Idle. If that's the case, you can solve the problem by adding a call to Apr 20, 2015 · In python, you do not need to add the '. In Python 2, there was still a fallback mechanism that got invoked in cases where it wasn't always possible to determine all local names statically. CURRENT_DIR = os. The function call works because the module document was imported, and it is merely named story. 4: importlib. function(a, b) edited Feb 27, 2023 at 21:45. You can open module2. >>> print("\n". It defines a function `function_a` that prints “Function A” and then calls both `function_a` and `function_b`. If you want to directly run python TestCase. abspath(__file__)) sys. utils before calling incomingConfig. py. from module1 import *. Oct 8, 2020 · My solution was the following: set your Python Interpreter (you find it by typing "interpreter" in Command Palette) to the correct version of Python. (same folder) or . Type "cmd". There are two types of relative imports: implicit and explicit. May 12, 2023 · 5. Y # reload() returns the new module. Oct 1, 2017 · from functions import load. First solution: Make sure the folder also contains an __ init __. The right way to import a module located on a parent folder, when you don't have a standard package structure, is: import os, sys. x interpreters installed So while creating by selecting the interpreter a virtual environment gets created. py install --no-compile. Projects targeting the 2. get_content() func() Jun 2, 2016 · One way to do this is the following: python -m pip install matplotlib. Mar 29, 2011 · For file1, The import works because the the import operation tries to intelligently find things on the filesystem. py, use: fl. py, this allows it to be included as a package. append command to add the directory containing the package I want, then followed it with this import line: 3 days ago · The isinstance() built-in function is recommended for testing the type of an object, because it takes subclasses into account. apps. If this does not work, then reinstall Python. Actually, when I was trying and re-trying your code, it once worked as expected - probably because the two files happened to be created on either side of the system clock Jun 29, 2011 · Another option is to use a binary environment variable, e. But then it'll say that temp in the Apr 10, 2022 · I tried importing os. py (from the man directory), you would have to do the following two things for this to work: Change the import line in man1. py, and simply put it inside a function in a file named childtest. import math #You need to put this command,`import` keyword along with the name of the module you want to import num = 4 print (math. This happens when you use the wrong installation of pip to install packages. – Jan 14, 2014 · The functions debug(), info(), warning(), error() and critical() will call basicConfig() automatically if no handlers are defined for the root logger. Mar 19, 2019 · Installing Numpy on Windows. I used sys. Than you can call consecutive calls to get a random number: May 27, 2015 · Test for the module name in the sys. Implicit relative imports should never be used and have been removed in Python 3. dirname(os. – foo() (the function) is now defined in the local namespace, but Foo (the class) is not, because the latter is not in __all__. I am also trying to install it with the PyCharm IDE, but I have NO clue how to do that either. An important thing to remember is that whenever an import statement is made, the entire module will be run. edited Aug 22, 2022 at 14:21. py and its compiled counterpart z. Note that this does not make the module contents directly accessible to the caller. PyCharm will then index the interpreter and allow you to autocomplete. Right-click on the suggested "Command Prompt" and select "Run as Administrator) Navigate to the Python installation directory's Scripts folder using the "cd" (change directory) command. from . If not, it will May 26, 2023 · One common cause of ‘ImportError’ is when the module being imported is not installed or is not available in the current environment. py: import my_vars. turtle. Assignment includes: variable = 27 # variable will May 17, 2020 · If you have multiple python installations on your computer, pip3 might have installed to an unintended environment. If python run You can try above system commnands from this directory. When I go do it, it'll take the temperature I enter, and it'll accept the distinction between Fahrenheit and Celsius. However, let’s get started with the basics: importing modules and packages. multiprocessing. info() instead of my_logger Jul 20, 2017 · On the question that @MarkDickinson posted: python assert fires with -O, it turns out that byte-compiling a module actually sets up the if __debug__: statements beforehand, meaning that __debug__ did in fact get redefined later with no effect on the if block. 11. Nov 22, 2019 · If you're trying to import myfolder, it is the parent - ie mywebsitefolder - that you need to add to sys. Make the contents of main. 14. Now the second example does not work because you import bar function (get a reference to it) and then try to mock it. Then you have to install it again by the following command: pip install requests. format(modulename) From the documenation: This is a dictionary that maps module names to modules which have already been loaded. Mar 26, 2009 · In 3. However, when I define the decorator within iPython, I get the desired deprecated warning. return available_moves. print_hello() or. my_module you should run this using the -m switch: python -m package1. This will execute the statement in the suplied global namespace, which is also the current global namespace (returned by globals() ). Exceptions of __import__ function in Python. modules and direct redefinition: import sys. When you mock something you can't change what your variables hold (reference to original function). g. settrace(). Mar 27, 2015 · 9. py' extension on the end of a file from the same directory. Then running test() prints 'Brokolice', but does not give any warning. set_start_method('fork', force=True) You can add this snippet to conftest. manModules import *. Then, to call any function inside file. For this purpose I am trying to mock send_email using patch, but it is not getting mocked. SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Is it suppose to be this way? In python file called the_py_module. from module import object. Mar 23, 2023 · In general, reload cannot tell what name to import from the module. a=random. Takeaway: Python3 >= 3. SoftWork. py as follows: Using the not_() function instead of the not operator is handy when you’re working with higher-order functions, such as map(), filter(), and the like. x series will therefore have Tkinter, while those targeting 3. __all__ = ['say'] answered Jan 5, 2016 at 11:22. org Jan 31, 2024 · Below, code represents Module A in a Python project. This requires the Python compiler to be able to identify all local names at compile time, which is impossible if you have a wildcard import at function level. Although not strictly defined, packages and modules are sometimes called libraries. py, say mylib and then make an empty file called __init__. e. Start the following command to have the same environment as the one used by crontab: env -i /bin/bash --noprofile --norc Then start your python script and see why it fails. Putting the imports within a function will cause calls to that function to take longer. It doesn't work properly, meaning the global variables are not created. py is being executed. There are different ways to import functions in Python, including importing a function from a file or importing a function as a module. Let’s see a quick example of this. But it did not. This means that: Putting the imports at the top of the module is fine, because it's a trivial cost that's only paid once. Otherwise, do not ever use Apple's Python, do not install things for it, do not touch it; just leave it alone for Apple's own Apr 14, 2022 · Make sure Azure function Core tools has been installed. An alternate option is to install with: python setup. as a module you want to import. replace('\n', ' '). You first should set the seed value, this is a value that 'determines' the random values later, and only needs to be set once normally, during the start (or first use of random numbers). So, a module creates a separate namespace. a + my_vars. 7. then in your functions. test. py: from file import function. Here's a more in-depth writeup that I wrote on other ways this same problem can go pearshaped. If you try running python Mans/man1. I would like to import a python file and then use a function within the python file; but it does not work (it only work for source_python). py code for conv. The name string is the class name and becomes the __name__ attribute. answered Nov 29, 2018 at 16:09. Apr 4, 2021 · There are 3 ways to call the exec function: With 1 argument, e. py there and mve shapes. py slightly: A relative import specifies the resource to be imported relative to the current location—that is, the location where the import statement is. Aug 29, 2021 · 1. To learn more, take a look at this stackoverflow answer. See full list on docs. mod1. Aug 14, 2016 · I have written the function send_formatted_email which formats email subject and message then calls the send_email function in a separate module. py to that directory. get_content = mock. 1 day ago · sys. egg-info to the python 3 directory which was in my case C:\Users\MYNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\Lib\site-packages. getcwd () provides the correct folder for conv. foo which will correctly initialize the sys. Additionally I recorded a video on the topic: don't run python my/script. reload receives the myfunctionobject as its argument, not the name. path)) to list the path as understood by python, then check whether matplotlib is indeed on one of the listed paths In other words, your program is basically importing itself and not the turtle graphics module. py! edited Apr 7, 2022 at 16:47. 4: imp. If run_code = 0 (False) structure main. On windows, Python looks up modules from the Lib folder in the default python path, for example from "C:\Python34\Lib\". Note that the usage of implicit relative imports has already been removed in Python3. To fix this you should use @falsetru suggested method like: from unittest import TestCase. append([j, i]) break. However in Python best practice it is better to do the following: if __name__ == '__main__': wiki_scrape() all_csv() wiki_set = scraped_set('locations. First of all, try importing random in a Python shell. The installer I'm using may be for 32 bit 1. path which includes locations such as the package installation directory. Method 2. Each module is its own namespace. May 16, 2015 · On python 2. This is caused by the fact that the version of Python you’re running your script with is not configured to search for modules where you’ve installed them. You can add your Python libaries in a custom folder ("my-lib" or sth. Jun 20, 2015 · Module importing is quite fast, but not instant. Do not run it directly: The py launcher is enabled via a check box during installation (default: "on"). Here’s an example that uses the not_() function along with sorted() to sort a list of employees by placing empty employee names at the end of the list: I got this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>. : . def test(): print 'Brokolice'. It's hard to say without seeing the code, but I suspect that file is being imported with a command equivalent to import file. just one If spawn is used, a brand new Python interpreter process is started, ignoring your recently patched function. When you import an object (a function, a class, etc. You have access to SomeClass because it has been imported from to_be_imported into module2. (parent folder) or more. py does not make the names available in file. Fix: Set the default start method to fork. Oct 7, 2021 · What if I only want to import certain, but not all, items from the imported module? In our example, we only have a string and a function defined within the example1. json as specified here, however it does not seem to be possible to force the debugger to step into the code of non-standard modules, such as the ones you have written yourself and imported into the current file. 8 + 32. pie = math. Sources: The simplest form is the one you already saw: Python. modules and does not find the module Events. modules cache. pi. 4, imp was deprecated in favor of importlib, and reload was added to the latter. col_name, rs = args. Mar 25, 2021 · Module. __init__. py module perform urllib3 connection trigger KeyboardInterrupt but not able to catch in main thread, the workaround is put my clean up code inside finally, e. , ) from a module, Python does the following: First, check if the module has been loaded and cached in the sys. You need to go into the project settings and configure the interpreter to point at the virtualenv. On python 3. 7, get rid of the non-Apple one and just use Apple's. If you quit from the Python interpreter and enter it again, the definitions you have made (functions and variables) are lost. However, when I copy paste the function to define it instead of importing from the file, it works properly. It attempts to import `function_b` from another module named `module_b`. py file, or structured package folder. Modules ¶. Later in the tutorial, you’ll see some advanced and lesser-known uses of Python’s import system. Aug 12, 2021 · When I try to import this module in a separate code (in the same directory) the import seems to go successfully but it doesn't recognize either of the functions I defined in the 'conv' module. Save file. modules. py Oct 23, 2015 · I defined the decorator in utils. py file should be present in every directory and sub directories whose classes should be made visible for import. The virtualenv may be auto-detected in the dropdown menu on the left. In the terminal, it says I have pandas already installed as you can see below. Here is the solution which works for me: I do the relative imports as from . Oct 3, 2016 · Seems windows PATH not contain python. For example, if I take the example program that comes with Python Xlib, childwin. This file is called __init__. In summary, __all__ is used by both packages and modules to control what is imported when import * is specified. #! /usr/bin/env python. 12. my_module. The value returned by the function is then reflected in the output of the initial code. sub1. since it is in the same folder. exec('a = 2', globals()). If only Pydev is complaining about random being missing, then you should try rebuilding Pydev's module paths in the preferences. Either way the module is imported. You should create a subdirectory for shapes. import math. In your case, the I am suspecting that the parent directory does not have the init . I'm likely not doing the package thing right in python, I just have a . lets call it 'run_code'. "Importing a function" is nothing more than binding the function to a name. Select a template and provide a name to it. When targeting 3 or later, either reference the appropriate module when calling reload or import it. modules["X"]). import first_page. user193476. nq rt gq jf ab nv hu dq sp lg