What is ignorance in ethics

What is ignorance in ethics

Rik Peels. Pros. Understood properly, this is what Catholics have always believed, and what Scripture plainly teaches. Oct 19, 2023 · Read the journal article. There is also the question of what precisely it means for Jun 2, 2023 · The Church recognizes that ignorance can reduce someone’s culpability for a sin or error, but only when the ignorance is invincible; that is, when “the moral subject is not responsible for his erroneous judgment” (CCC 1793). Oct 18, 2010 · Mere ignorance is nothing to be ashamed of. Ignorance is distinguished from mere nescience, which is a lack of knowledge that a person has no need of. This explanation is promising, though to understand it we need to know what willful (affected, motivated, strategic) ignorance actually is. Feb 23, 2023 · This book then shows what difference this epistemology of ignorance makes by applying it to six contemporary debates on sometimes controversial topics in and beyond philosophy: white ignorance, practices of making people ignorant as studied in agnotology, the conditions under which ignorance counts as an excuse, responsibility and particularly Sep 7, 2023 · 0. , the agent performed the action because she was ignorant of relevant considerations, which entails that she wouldn’t have performed it had Oct 17, 2022 · But philosophers and ordinary people have been reluctant to excuse people on the basis of their moral ignorance. Imagine we took a group of reasonable people and threw them in a room - telling them to figure out how our society should work Mar 31, 2022 · Ignorance and Cultural Diversity: the Ethical Obligations of the Behavior Analyst. Several issues in the philosophy of religion, such as negative theology, which Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ethics is useful to study because we a. Apr 24, 2020 · What is ignorance in ethics? Moral ignorance is ignorance about the permissibility of one’s conduct. John Rawls (1921—2002) John Rawls was arguably the most important political philosopher of the twentieth century. [1] Ethics (or Moral Philosophy) is concerned with questions of how people ought to act, and the search for a definition of right conduct (identified as the one causing the greatest good) and the good life (in the sense of a life worth living or a life that is satisfying or happy). Although there is no defense for ignorance May 9, 2018 · Ignorance is said to be affected or a studied ignorance when it is directly voluntary; a person prefers to remain in ignorance so as to be free from a sense of obligation. Without the elimination of specific contingencies which result in the exploitation of social and natural circumstances, it is impossible to create the original position. Subsequently, I offer two definitions May 1, 2010 · a certain case of ignorance. They exist as an impartial group, tasked with designing a new society with its own Ignorance. 2010. His theory of justice as fairness describes a society of free citizens holding equal basic rights and cooperating within an egalitarian economic system. However, since Aristotle, theorists have recognized that ignorance is only a legitimate excuse for causing unjustified harm when we are not responsible for our ignorance, i. be thought of as the way of life of a given social group, that will be shaped by more or less intricate patterns of normative expectations about emotion, thought, and action. exceptionally remote location). Professor of Surgery. [1] But if I put arsenic in your tea because I keep arsenic and sugar jars on the same shelf and don’t label them, then I’m blameworthy A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules. Feb 14, 2019 · Sometimes ignorance is a legitimate excuse for morally wrong behavior, and sometimes it isn’t. But how might this relate to Jul 1, 1999 · Ignorance—Invincible and Vincible. Subsequently, I offer two definitions of ignorance and argue that one’s definition of ignorance The original position ( OP ), often referred to as the veil of ignorance, is a thought experiment used for reasoning about the principles that should structure a society based on mutual dependence. Epistemology, important in constructing good ethical arguments, is the branch of philosophy dealing with. how we know anything. Let us discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of applying this concept in the finance and economics fields. He considers a variety of types of scenarios, including actions done in ignorance which he says are generally The Veil of Ignorance. Both views cannot be correct. Aristotle believed that the best way to understand why things are the way they are is to understand what purpose they were designed to serve. Matthew Lamb Difficulty and the Reasonable Expectation Account of Exculpating Ignorance, The Journal of Ethics Ethics, also referred to as moral philosophy, is the study of moral phenomena. Friedman cuts through this tangle by pointing out that scholars on both sides of the debate are implicitly assuming the availability and acces-sibility of knowledge usually to themselves or to fellow social scientists. Morals, "is dealing with or capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, of teaching or in accordance with the principles of right and wrong" (2002). What Socrates taught was a method of inquiry. (150 Words) Reference (Page 54, 55 and 56) Note: Tomorrow’s questions will be based on THIS document (Chapter 5) Aug 22, 2018 · Abstract. An act, in so far as it proceeds from invincible ignorance, lacks voluntariness, is not a human act, and is not imputable to the agent. "ignorance, whether of the law or of the facts, is either vincible or Sep 21, 2014 · Ignorance that can be overcome by using one’s reason (vincible ignorance), and ignorance that cannot be overcome by using one’s reason (invincible ignorance). We can separate actions into two obvious categories: Voluntary actions Apr 23, 2016 · Willful Ignorance. Yet, unlike other figures of comparable importance, such as the Buddha or Confucius, he did not tell his audience how they should live. Sifferd. For example, a person who did not know the square root of 1429 would be ignorant of it if he were taking a Abstract. what action or choice is good, bad, right, wrong, or what we really ought to do. Reasonable diligence, in turn, is that diligence that a conscientious person would display in seeking the Ethical Issues and Debates. ”. , when the ignorance is non-culpable (Nichomachean Ethics, Bk III). Several issues in the philosophy of religion, such as negative theology, which Stefan Leach, Jared Piazza, Steve Loughnan, Robbie M. Here’s a breakdown to help you understand these concepts in everyday terms! Vincible Ignorance: Imagine there’s a book you’ve been told you should read . This view contrasts with the standard view of ignorance (defended by Pierre Le Morvan), that propositional ignorance is the absence of knowledge, and with the normative view of ignorance (championed by Duncan Pritchard and Anne Meylan Oct 18, 2020 · invincible ignorance: lack of knowledge that a person has no way to obtain. This profession of ignorance seems to raise a number of questions. ) Socrates is one of the few individuals whom one could say has so-shaped the cultural and intellectual development of the world that, without him, history would be profoundly different. Aug 30, 2017 · So many ethical crises are a result of ignorance: Ignorance of the law, ignorance of what others are doing, or ignorance of basic rules or procedures. There is the question of what precisely he takes himself to be ignorant of – or, conversely, what categories of knowledge, if any, he takes himself to have. Dec 3, 2019 · A Framework to Conceptualize the Issue. For example, codes of conduct express relevant ethical standards for professionals in many fields, such as medicine, law, journalism, and accounting. (Perhaps an independent category on the level above) done by reason of (or through) anger or desire (appetite), actions which Aristotle says are not rightly called involuntary. Define an example of the veil of ignorance. …. An ingenious argument – we may call it the Argument from Excuse – purports to show that the Standard View of Ignorance is false and the New View of Ignorance is true. a. learn clear-cut answers capable of easily resolving all problems quickly. c. g. Here, we apply veil-of-ignorance reasoning in a more focused way to specific moral dilemmas, all of which involve a tension between the greater good and competing moral concerns. ETHICS: For Socrates the key to a virtuous life was knowledge of the GOOD and this links ethics with epistemology. in order to assess how citizens fare with respect to it. According to virtue ethics, what is the relationship between duty and virtue? Duty is defined as what a virtuous person would do. Pp. The Veil of Ignorance is a way of working out the basic institutions and structures of a just society. Invincible ignorance destroys the voluntariness of an act. A fair amount can be said on this topic, but now is not the appropriate place. That insight -- the one it comes from and the one it leads to -- is the discovery that there is a world far larger than the one that is known, one that (whether we know it or not) shapes all our knowns. Defective states of character are hexeis (plural of hexis) as well, but they are tendencies to have inappropriate feelings. Saying that scientific facts are a hoax. Socrates’ theory of the soul and its virtue and the use of reasoning in the service of virtue were lasting contributions to humanity. Philosophers have long examined epistemological concepts like belief, knowledge, and understanding, but they have paid less attention to ignorance. His first book, A Theory of Justice [ TJ Dec 11, 2019 · The “veil of ignorance” is a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial decision-making by denying decision-makers access to potentially biasing information about who will benefit most or least from the available options. Nov 16, 2019 · Within debates concerning responsibility for ignorance the distinction between moral and factual ignorance is often treated as crucial. Some philosophers make a distinction between ethics and morals. Ignorance in its Subject This refers to the agent in whom ignorance exists. As Rawls argues the justice and the maximizing of it becomes the basis for all social orders, he has to Mar 28, 2011 · Summary. It contrasts with invincible ignorance, which a person is either entirely incapable of removing, or could only do so by supererogatory efforts ( i. " There are various degrees of ignorance. doi: 10 Ethics, Medical* Information Dissemination Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care* d. veil of ignorance John Rawls's principle of ethics that says that justice comes from making decisions that maximize liberty for all people and without considering which outcome will give us personally the Pamuk The Problem of Ignorance . As an expression of that concern, the new BACB’s Ethics Code for Behavior Mar 31, 2022 · The purpose of this paper is to offer a discussion on the limitations of both our capacity and willingness to know and overcome our ignorance about our own and other cultures. First, in epistemology, the core questions regarding ignorance are what the nature of ignorance is, what varieties of ignorance there are, and whether ignorance has any epistemic value. When the Sophists or their pupils Sep 16, 2003 · Plato’s Ethics: An Overview. I defend the Standard View by arguing that the Argument from Excuse Ignorance is an important concept in at least four different philosophical areas. e. Others maintain that there are virtues of ignorance and most people recognize them. ” This explanation is promising, though to understand it we need to know what willful (affected, motivated, strategic) ignorance actually is. One sort of culpable Action from Ignorance; Action in Ignorance; Action from Ignorance with No Regret; Despite the focus on agents and not actions, Aristotle does have something to contribute when it comes to discussions of potential moral responsibility as associated with particular actions. Teleology is the study of the ends or purposes that things serve, and Aristotle's emphasis on teleology has repercussions throughout his philosophy. It contrasts with invincible ignorance, which can not be removed at all, or only by supererogatory efforts (e. Not-voluntary - through ignorance but that for which one is not pained and sorry afterwards. Sutton, Ioanna Kapantai, Kristof Dhont, Karen M. Agents could be ignorant of different things, for example that their conduct has a certain outcome, or that they could act otherwise. They are as follows: 1) ignorance, 2) passions, 3) fear, and 4) violence. The second category is when we recognize our ignorance. Ignorance is an important concept in at least four different philosophical areas. Mar 25, 2008 · John Rawls. The Nicomachean Ethics ( / ˌnaɪkɒməˈkiən, ˌnɪ -/; Ancient Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια, Ēthika Nikomacheia) is among Aristotle 's best-known works on ethics: the science of the good for human life, that which is the goal or end at which all our actions aim. Although each of these features is important, some are more philosophically debatable and merit more discussion than The notion of acting from ignorance conveys the idea that “the ignorance played an important causal or explanatory role in the agent actually performing the act in question” (Guerrero 2007: 63), i. This a view that promotes equality among people. nescience: lack of knowledge that doesn’t matter in the circumstances (from Latin ne-, “not” plus scire, “to know. In essence, science must be value-free. E. Moreover, agents may be ignorant in different ways. 1). May 8, 2009 · This article offers an analysis of ignorance. Apr 4, 2024 · The veil of ignorance is a concept from political philosophy. d. John Rawls (b. Of course, it’s perfectly possible to demand that such memorials be removed on the grounds that it’s inappropriate to laud Nov 26, 2013 · In this way ignorance can be a legitimate excuse for causing unjustified harm. , ignorance for which one is to blame. We examine different ways in which our ignorance of other cultures plays out even in willful compliance with the BACB ethics code. I then address an appar - ent tension between Socrates’ profession of ignorance and his explicit avowals of ethical knowledge (In the section “Socrates’ Avowals of Knowledge”). May 8, 2024 · Ethics, the philosophical discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. Empty Suits and Fragilistas are almost always ignorant and unknowing. in Socratic ignorance and explain why it constitutes a dis-tinctive form of human wisdom (In the section “Socratic Ignorance and Socratic Wisdom”). Thus, it Apr 23, 2016 · Michelle Moody-Adams suggests that “the main obstacle to moral progress in social practices is the tendency to widespread affected ignorance of what can and should already be known. Behind the Veil of Ignorance, no one knows who they are. A social system based on public ownership of property. New Y ork: Oxford U niversity Press, 201 6. (Panizo, 1964) I gnorance is the "absence of knowledge. The Church, however, teaches forcefully against vincible ignorance, when someone “‘takes little trouble to find Mar 3, 2023 · Introduction. Hobbies, Games, Arts and Crafts. He is best known for his association with the Socratic method of question and answer, his claim that he was ignorant (or aware of Ethics - Socrates, Morality, Virtue: Socrates, who once observed that “the unexamined life is not worth living,” must be regarded as one of the greatest teachers of ethics. The term ethics can also refer to rules or guidelines that establish what conduct is right and wrong for individuals and for groups. Nov 27, 2023 · Recent meta-analysis dives into why we ignore the consequences of our actions. His theory of political liberalism explores the legitimate use of political power in a Feb 22, 2016 · Ignorance or Mistake of the Law is Not Typically a Defense. First published Tue Sep 16, 2003; substantive revision Wed Feb 1, 2023. Many prominent accounts hold that while factual ignorance routinely exculpates, moral ignorance never does so. live in a world in which human beings have Jul 25, 2019 · This means that scientists should maintain objectivity and should not allow their personal moral or religious convictions to influence their conclusions. This doesn't include Sep 7, 2023 · Ignorance Examples. , efforts above and beyond normal duty). 320 $85 (cloth) Katrina L. It is the failure to know the truth. Additionally, results show that many of these Dec 3, 2023 · The legal maxim "ignorance of the law is no excuse" is encapsulated in the Latin phrase, "ignorantia juris non excusat. Vincible ignorance does not destroy the voluntariness of an act. Unfortunately, the fact that you did not know your actions were illegal does not mean you cannot be prosecuted for and convicted of a crime in most cases. Vincible Ignorance This is ignorance that can be dismissed by the use of ordinary diligence. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has featured an increasing concern for understanding and considering the cultural diversity of the populations behavior analysts serve in recent years. The phrases original position and veil of ignorance were coined by the American philosopher John Rawls, [1] but the thought experiment itself was Ethics in Focus View All One-of-a-kind videos highlight the The Veil of Ignorance is a device for helping people more fairly envision a fair society by pretending May 1, 2001 · Aristotle describes ethical virtue as a “ hexis ” (“state” “condition” “disposition”)—a tendency or disposition, induced by our habits, to have appropriate feelings (1105b25–6). Such failure can itself come about in one of two ways: either by way of a failure to believe the truth or by way of believing the truth but without justification. While looking the other way can help us avoid uncomfortable information that 2. Fairness: The veil of ignorance encourages decision-makers to make ethical choices because they do not know their position or interests in society. This book does not only study an epistemic phenomenon that is interesting in itself, but also provides important tools that can be fruitfully used The first category is when we do not know we are ignorant. They lack clues as to their class, their privileges, their disadvantages, or even their personality. It is a widely accepted principle of ethics that only voluntary actions can be judged right or wrong, and consequently, that we can only be responsible for voluntary actions (Aristotle, 2009 ). Nov 12, 2019 · Veil-of-ignorance reasoning was originally applied by philosophers and economists to foundational questions concerning the overall organization of society. To use an obviously-exaggerated example to illustrate, the fact that you did not know South Carolina criminalizes the deliberate Sep 13, 2021 · This ignorance—“through no fault of their own”—is what the Catechism means by invincible ignorance. Thus, the “veil of ignorance” is used. First, let’s consider what this teaching does mean. This paper presents a novel analysis of this concept, which builds Mar 18, 2017 · In terms of human responsibility, ignorance can either be “invincible” or “vincible. "For example, for a proposed society in Aug 9, 2023 · This blissful state of Rawlsian unawareness in the original position is called the “veil of ignorance. This value-free side of the debate is reflected in the mini According the virtue ethics, what notion should be at the heart of ethical theory? Moral character. live in a very stable world in which it is very clear who is right and who is wrong. Fairness is defined as the morally correct distribution of good and bad things between people Justice is giving persons their due (Matson, Wallace. The agent has knowledge which bears indirectly According to Webster's New World Dictionary, ethics is "the study of standards of conduct and moral judgment. Both play a role in determining a person’s moral responsibility for their actions. Socrates. 1921, d. have too much time on our hands, and so this luxury based on a fiction is fun. In Antifragile, Nassim Taleb writes: The ethics of ignorance J Med Ethics. Science is also a methodological approach to proving things. The view that there is an in-principle distinction between moral and factual ignorance has been referred to as the “Asymmetry Thesis. A wrong done out of simply vincible ignorance, or even of crass ignorance, is less imputable than if it were done with full knowledge, for the act is less voluntary. In Catholic moral theology, there are two types of ignorance to grasp: vincible and invincible. The primary obligation of a scientist is to prove that the other scientist is wrong. This results due to lack of proper diligence on the agent, and is his fault This is also called culpable ignorance Degrees of Vincible Ignorance a. Subsequently Ignorance is ignorance of facts. That is, knowledge of a universal, with respect to ethics, is knowledge of what is appropriate and good. After a couple of preliminary remarks, I endeavor to show that, contrary to what one might expect and to what nearly all philosophers assume, being ignorant is not equivalent to failing to know, at least not on one of the stronger senses of knowledge. Its subject consists of fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be morally evaluated. ” This view Apr 1, 2003 · First, it assumes that an account of ethics and politics in the Republic requires a preliminary understanding of the question Socrates is facing and the strategy Socrates uses to answer the question. truth. Feb 13, 2024 · Further, Peels argues for a new view of ignorance: that propositional ignorance is the absence of true belief. Oxford University Press, 2023 - Philosophy - 336 pages. The Veil of Ignorance is a famous philosophical thought experiment that has arisen multiple times throughout the history of philosophy, but is most often associated with John Rawls [1] [2] . Think, for example, about recent debates concerning memorials to people we now recognize as deeply racist. Mar 18, 2018 · In 'Ignorance as Limit', DeNicola aims to identify the types of limits to knowledge and their sources; they range from contingent biological facts about humans to conceptual facts pertaining to the very possibility of a coherent notion of omniscience. Advertise in Ethics; Ethics Volume 107, Number 3. We all engage in wilful ignorance from time to time — from buying from online retailers we know are unethical to ignoring the impact of our diets on climate change, none of us are angels. According to Rawls, [1], working out what justice requires demands that we think as if we are building society from the ground up, in a way that everyone who is reasonable can accept. Ignorance is invincible when a person is unable to rid himself of it. It is a world we know nothing about Mar 31, 2022 · The distinction between non-culpable ignorance and culpable ignorance is crucial for understanding the ethical implications of ignorance. Jul 18, 2003 · In what follows we sketch four distinct forms taken by contemporary virtue ethics, namely, a) eudaimonist virtue ethics, b) agent-based and exemplarist virtue ethics, c) target-centered virtue ethics, and d) Platonistic virtue ethics. 1. The system of morals of a particular person, religion, or group. "Ignorance is the kind of not knowing that comes from insight and leads to insight. In moral theology, ignorance is defined as a lack of knowledge that a person ought to have. On the former, ignorance is lack of knowledge; on the latter, ignorance is lack of true belief. Douglas Husak’s book is an intelli gent, wide-ranging exploration Jul 11, 2017 · 70 Days ETHICS PLAN Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions 8) Define ignorance, passion and fear. A system that has been thought of since the eighteenth century, and includes Immanuel Kant, Thomas Hobbs, and Jean-Jacque Rousseau. examines ethics from a critical or evaluative standpoint. 1978, What Rawls Calls Justice," The Occasional review, Autumn) Socialism. This can come about only by way of a failure justifiably to believe the. 2002) was an American political philosopher in the liberal tradition. (469—399 B. ' Varieties of Knowledge and Ignorance', Aristotle on Moral Responsibility: Character and Cause The Veil of Ignorance is Rawls' idea that relates to how a just society can be formed. That is to say, happiness or well-being ( eudaimonia) is the highest aim of moral thought and conduct, and the virtues ( aretê B. Here are some of the most important axes related to this topic: Epistemology: Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge and belief. Socrates famously claims to lack knowledge or wisdom. Invincible ignorance is doing something wrong when one could not have known better; vincible ignorance is doing wrong when one ought to have known better. : Rik Peels. But it’s possible to misunderstand the teaching in two serious (and dangerous) ways. In this section, I introduce seven features of a framework for thinking about whether and under what circumstances ignorance of a rule should preclude moral and/or penal responsibility. It examines what obligations people have, what behavior is right and wrong, and The Veil of Ignorance, a component of social contract theory, allows us to test ideas for fairness. "It signifies a fundamental principle in many legal systems whereby individuals are presumed to know and understand the laws of the jurisdiction in which they live or act, and they cannot escape liability for violating the law merely by claiming they were unaware of its content. What is a moral exemplar? A person who serves as a role model. It involves both conceptual and normative issues. Like most other ancient philosophers, Plato maintains a virtue-based eudaemonistic conception of ethics. 1992 Sep;18(3):117-8, 134. C. It is one of the main branches of philosophy and investigates the nature of morality and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions. He wrote a series of highly influential articles in the 1950s and ’60s that helped refocus Anglo-American moral and political philosophy on substantive problems about what we ought to do. We report evidence from three experiments suggesting that ignorance does not rule out folk attributions of virtue. If, as many in the ethics of belief debate would agree, there is such a thing as doxastic responsibility, one might wonder what it is for. Knowledge and Ignorance is a central theme in philosophy and has been explored by many thinkers throughout history. This is called recognized ignorance. The Argument from Ignorance holds that blameworthiness for wrongdoing committed from ignorance is to be traced to blameworthiness for the ignorance itself, and it also holds that blameworthiness for this ignorance is to be traced in turn to Mar 8, 2018 · Ignorance of Law: A Philosophical Inq uiry. John Stuart Mill's principle that ethical behavior arises from that which will provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people. —. Sep 4, 2012 · It is commonly claimed that fully virtuous individuals cannot be ignorant and that everyday intuitions support this fact. Michelle Moody-Adams suggests that “the main obstacle to moral progress in social practices is the tendency to widespread affected ignorance of what can and should already be known. Ignorance is vincible if a person could remove it by applying reasonable diligence. Traditional ethics classifies them as vincible, invincible, affected, and supine or gross ignorance. Vincible ignorance is, in Catholic ethics, a moral or doctrinal matter that could have been removed by diligence reasonable to the circumstances. 3. (Irrational passions are not less human than reason. Ignorant is not a synonym for “stupid. It is why there is such a thing called peer review. While invincible ignorance prevents a sinful action from being a sin, vincible ignorance at most Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In book III, Aristotle takes up the question of free will and choice, first addressing the difference between voluntary and involuntary acts, noting that we can only be praised or blamed for what is done voluntarily. Second, it assumes that politics in the Republic is based upon the moral psychology in the Republic, and thus that the former is more profitably Moody-Adams Culture, Responsibility, and Ignorance 295. Catholic theology recognizes three categories of ignorance: invincible ignorance: lack of knowledge that a person has no way to obtain. This axis would explore different theories of knowledge Broadly speaking, for Aristotle, ignorance of a universal (katholou) with respect to ethics is ignorance of what is right and wrong. Ignorance by Choice (PDF, 1MB) Washington — When given the choice to learn how their actions will affect someone else, 40% of people will choose ignorance, often in order to have an excuse to act selfishly, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. We suggest part of the problem is that What Is Ignorance. This article offers an analysis of ignorance. DouglasUnpalatable truths: Commitment to eating meat is associated with strategic ignorance of food-animal minds, Appetite171(Apr 2022): 105935. The word "ethics" is derived from the Greek "ethos" (meaning Ignorance is often thought to be a moral and legal excuse; it is a core concept in medical ethics and debates about privacy, and it features in religious traditions and debates about belief in God. Ethics and Epistemology. It also means that the public should see science as an objective and non-political affair. His legacy to Philosophy is ion two areas. [1] : . Ignorance: A Philosophical Study provides an in-depth exploration of ignorance in its many dimensions. Examine how these influence human actions. These patterned expectations will typically take the form of social rules that give a distinctive shape to the Explain the teleological nature of Aristotle's ethics. If someone has secretly replaced my sugar with arsenic, then I’m blameless for putting arsenic in your tea. b. The primary objective of normative ethics is to determine. vincible ignorance: lack of knowledge that a rational person is capable of acquiring by making an effort. Veil of Ignorance. “Examples of such willful Vincible ignorance is, in Catholic moral theology, ignorance that a person could remove by applying reasonable diligence in the given set of circumstances. Ethical Principles (Ignorance) a. This is primary ignorance. Veil-of-ignorance reasoning was originally applied by philosophers and economists to foundational questions This chapter investigates the nature of culpable ignorance, i. xk oq xp ti em kh fl bf bn tl