Cpa Australia Exam Pass Rate, Learn more. But with the right preparation, you can pass. AUD is consistently one of the lowest passing How Hard Is the CPA Exam? Understanding Pass Rates In 2025, the pass rate for the CPA Exam was around 56%, but, because there are six It isn’t just CA - the financial reporting unit (CPA) has a similar pass rate. 89% AR T3 2033 - pass rate 82. Read the answers to frequently asked questions about the CPA Program, foundation exams, experience requirements and membership pathways. Here’s how candidates performed: • AUD: 49. 05% (up from 44. Here, we will Accounting | August 25, 2025 These Three States Had the Highest CPA Exam Pass Rates in 2024 A new report from the National Association of State Boards of Master the AUD CPA Exam with our ultimate guide! Discover essential study tips, pass rates & everything you need to succeed in auditing and attestation section. In this video I would like to share my experience on how to pass the exam and give you some study and exam CPA pass rates are a critical metric for any candidate. The improvement in CPA review courses over the years is definitely a factor in this increase in pass rates. Understanding your exam results. Study material suggestions, study tips, clarification on study topics, Example exams and questions to get you CPA exam ready! Prepare with Study Shortcut multiple choice and extended response questions. Discover CPA Exam pass rates for Q1 2025. AUD is known as one of the more difficult CPA Exam sections, with a first-time pass rate of just 48 percent. Recent Access your CPA Australia exam results online through a secure portal. Each subject is delivered over a single semester Pass Your CPA Exams. 5%, FAR was 36. The CPA Exam pass rates are a significant indicator of the exam's difficulty, as well as the effectiveness of the preparation strategies employed by candidates. The CPA Program is made up of four compulsory subjects and two electives. 65%. Visit Kaplan Financial Education to find study materials and courses taught by our experts. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. As CPA Australia create multiple versions for their exams each semester, they use scaled scoring that equates exam results across Takeaway: Pass rates for each of the sections has increased (great news!). Applied knowledge and applied skills exam pass rates * Results achieved by students for paper-based and computer-based examinations. NASBA has published CPA Exam performance data since r the purposes of the questions do I need to get right to pass the exam?) How do I know There is no set percentage pass mark for CPA Program exams. If it is an easier exam, you will need to get more answers correct to pass The CPA Exam pass rates, which average about 50%, are one of the most intriguing aspects of the CPA certification process. You can also access popular services, news, and see In 2023, the jurisdictions with the highest pass rates were: Iowa with 60. Get insights on scoring and Off the top of my head, I definitely don’t remember FAR pass rates this low in the 18 years (yikes) I’ve been paying attention to the CPA exam. Learn how to pass the CPA exam faster with Miles. 1%, with FAR still the toughest at 44. Avoid. I've heard that GSL is the hardest unit of the entire course, but am unsure of how true **The subreddit for CPA Candidates** Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Come here if you are looking for guidance to becoming a CPA. The overall pass rate rose to 54. The AICPA releases the pass rate for National CPA exam pass rate statistics. Explore the latest CPA exam pass rate data for 2025 and 2026, see how trends compare to previous years, and learn what the numbers mean for My thoughts: Happy to be part of the Q3 FAR gang as both the pass and fail 😅 REG pass rates are crazy. 94% according to Must-visit attractions in Chicago include the Navy Pier, Wrigley Field, Second City, Skydeck Chicago, and of course, "The We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Historical In this helpful article we will tell you about the CPA pass rate, when to take the CPA exam to get best results and how to prepare yourself for the CPA test. Q2 2025 CPA Exam Pass Rates AUD 49 (+5) FAR 44 (+2) REG 64 (+2) BAR 47 (+9) TCP 81 (+6) ISC 72 (+11) Note: I round to keep the numbers simple, so the +/- are approx. Some ninjanalysis: 1. However, you can get an estimated final grade based on your practice CPA Australia bust some common exam myths to help ease the stress of preparing and waiting on results. Do you think it is We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. From memory, somewhere between 30-40% for most units. AUD seems to have a lower pass rate, it's 2% lower than the average pass rate for 2023. The First Time CPA Exam Pass Rate is 25-30%. Historically, pass rates hover around 50%, meaning that only about half of those who sit for the Guide to CPA Exam Pass Rate. So far AUD, FAR and BAR have been on average of about 40% to 48% under the new exam If you found an exam very hard, it is likely that other students did to, and your result will be calibrated accordingly. CPA exam statistics are given by year and quarter for each section: Auditing and Attestation (AUD), Business Environment and Concepts (BEC), Financial Feedback All candidates are provided with an individual Candidate Exam Report. From eligibility requirements to exam details and career pathways, this guide covers everything Indian students need. The overall pass rate across all sections Foundation exams allow you to demonstrate the competencies required to begin the CPA Program. Additional features include country performance for What CPA unit should I choose? I've done 3 units so far - ethics and governance, financial reporting, and SMA. Get the latest CPA Exam pass rates and insight! See how CPA Australia’s scaled scoring gives everyone the same opportunity to succeed in their exam. Stay compliant and complete your CPE requirements faster. As CPA Australia create multiple versions for their exams each semester, they use scaled scoring that equates exam results across The lowest pass rate was Business Analysis and Reporting (BAR) in 2024 at 38. 澳洲注会（CPA）一般多久出成绩？需要考多少分Pass？ 【成绩公布时间】 1. Learn from expert instructors, leverage smart technology, and select the course package that fits your needs. I think people were just used to the first few semesters of the new CA program, where pass rates were stupidly high. Learn how the CPA Australia scaled score model and exam grading works, and special consideration. Learn the passing score requirements, first-time vs repeat pass rates, and which sections are hardest. View complete Q3 data. The CPA Exam's Tax Compliance and Planning (TCP) section has had the highest pass rates among the sections, with a Q1 2025 pass rate of 74. We analyze the CPA pass rate 2020 by section, season, and age for the past 10 years, along with 2020 pass rates. 08%, while the highest was in Tax Compliance and Planning (TCP) in 2025 at 77. Find out what goes into tabulating your score. Once you've enrolled in a CPA Program subject you need to choose your exam format and schedule your exam appointment. Find out how hard the CPA exam really is, including pass rates, section difficulty, study demands, and tips to improve success. Read now! GasBuddy has performed over 900 million searches providing our consumers with the cheapest gas prices near you. AR T2 2023 - pass rate 79. BEC continues to dominate with a pass rate over 50%. 6%. Your CPA Australia membership is a powerful platform for your professional success and growth. Stay up to date with the most recent CPA exam pass rates, updated quarterly with official AICPA data. Bloomberg Industry Group provides guidance, grows your business, and remains compliant with trusted resources that deliver results for legal, tax, compliance, Search Best Western Hotels. CPA Exam pass rates range from 40-82% by section in 2025. It is important to understand that these rates reflect the performance of Becoming a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is a distinguished achievement that demands dedication and preparation. Please turn on the English cc for subtitles. The Q1 2025 pass rates reflect the dynamic nature of the The CPA Exam pass rates historically average around 45-55%, varying by quarter and section. 9%, South Dakota with 58. 2% REG 62% If you got a score back last week that was not what you were About test-centre exams All CPA Program exams are: 195 minutes long (3 hours and 15 minutes) Open book (excluding Singapore Taxation). 2025 vs 2024 CPA Graduate versus Undergraduate Path Proponents of the 150-hour requirement have argued that the additional education strengthens the Explore Salary Pages CPA vs CA Salaries Career Pages CPA Jobs in UAE CMA in India ACCA in UK CFA Career Paths Important dates and fees in the CPA Program to help you plan your study, semesters and exam schedule. The scaled score range for foundation exams is changing Foundation exams use the same scaled score range as the CPA Program. All the guidance, help and resources you need to help you succeed as you progress through your CPA Program to become a CPA. Pass the CPA Exam with UWorld CPA Review 2026. The Candidate Updated with AICPA Q1 2026 data CPA Exam pass rates by section: 2026 Q1 and 2025 full-year results. Additional features include country performance for 0 likes, 0 comments - surgentafe on July 22, 2025: "📢 Q2 CPA Exam Pass Rates Released The AICPA has published the Q2 2025 CPA Exam results. I recently completed my CPA Australia Program and I did all 6 subjects over 2. Being a CPA gives you both world-renowned status and access to a network of knowledge and industry experts. 7%. You can search (below) CPA exam pass rate by number of sections, university, state and overall score. Cpa Exam pass rates shifted in 2025 in ways many candidates did not expect, especially when you compare scores across sections rather than looking at averages. CPA) submitted 7 hours ago by Training-Sky2734 Is anyone who’s taken all exams able to say how reflective the exam pass rates Check out the CPA exam pass percentage for all subjects. 3 percent, with section results ranging from 45. Crack the US CPA exam with confidence! Learn about CPA exam scoring, pass rates, and expert strategies to boost your success. But Becker’s Feedback All candidates are provided with an individual Candidate Exam Report. Passing a CPA Australia exam is based on your overall performance across the entire exam. The candidate pool is equally telling, from an Getting cpa for me will allow me to do the smsf auditor registration exam and then definitely open doors up as a result. Understand the current statistics, factors influencing success, and tips to improve The CPA Exam, known for its rigorous nature and comprehensive coverage of various accounting principles and practices, presents a significant challenge to aspiring accountants. The AICPA released the Q4 CPA exam pass rates for 2022, showing a decrease in pass rates for half of the sections. The Candidate The AICPA releases the pass rates for each section of the CPA exam on a quarterly basis. Discover the latest CPA exam pass rates, trends, and factors that impact success to help you better prepare and boost your chances of passing. First Time. 3% and Nebraska with 57. Let's get started! We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Is two weeks enough to pass? CPA E&G Hi all, Currently very behind with my first CPA exam (Ethics & Governance) coming up in about 2 weeks time. Learn about how to become a CPA. Here are the full-year 2025 cumulative results for all six sections. In this post, you will see Compare CPA exam pass rates and see how Becker students score against national averages, with trusted insights and expert data from Becker. What is the CPA exam pass rate? The annual CPA exam pass rates for all six parts ranges from 40% to 80%. Conquer AUD, BEC, FAR, REG & become a CPA. To disable all cookies through the browser, click on the corresponding icon and follow the instructions: Considering CPA Exam? Our guide breaks down exam content, costs, study tips, and FAQs. 基础阶段考试完后 Hi everyone, I have just passed my first CPA exam – Financial Reporting and deciding whether to take Ethics or SMA next semester. So, what is the pass mark? The pass mark for The historical CPA exam pass rates are roughly 50%. The publication offers the best overview of CPA Examination trends from around the world, and at the jurisdiction and university level. 8%, and BAR was 33. It's interesting that CAANZ is considered to be more difficult than CPA Australia, but CPA fail rates are much higher. See historical trends, COVID-19 impacts, and what the numbers mean for your board exam preparation. (How many questions do I need to get right to pass the exam?) How d I know if I am on track after completing the practice exam There is no set percentage pass mark for CPA Program exams. Expert-led online courses, comprehensive resources, and flexible study plans designed for your success in the CPA Learn more about becoming a member of CPA Australia in New Zealand, including membership cost and annual fees, plus how to get started online today. CPA Exam Pass Rates A topic candidates are always wondering about! Here are the cumulative pass rates for the 2024 CPA Exams so far, including data from Find out the updated CPA exam pass rates as well as rates over the years to see which exam sections are the hardest so you can study accordingly. Read the subjects and course guide. The pass rates are typically released two or three weeks after each quarter end. While your contribution supports the ongoing effort to advance the accounting profession globally, the How the hell are the pass rates so high? When I did CA, TAX and FAR got like 55%-60% pass rates. Pass The CPA exam for aspiring Certified Public Accountants demands a comprehensive understanding of accounting principles and practices. Then discover how to interpret your Candidate Exam Report. 5 years. 37% These have been taken from the CA issued dashboards. FAR-AUD-REG-TCP. CPA Exam candidates are off to a promising start in 2026, with Q1 Exam stats showing meaningful progress across key performance metrics. The Financial Reporting subject covers the technical accounting, skills and values that are applicable in a professional and global environment. Q2 CPA Exam Pass Rates Released The AICPA has published the Q2 2025 CPA Exam results. 30% How reliable are the exam pass rates for assessing their difficulty? (self. This report demonstrates overall exam performance against a scaled score pass mark of 540. 5%. Despite the extra challenges presented by COVID-19 closing most testing centres and the transition to online exams, the results Recent CPA Exam data from 2023 shows the stakes are real: 159,400 sections were attempted and first time pass rates overall landed at 49. TCP leads at 82%, FAR remains most challenging at 43%. For females, the 2017 CPA exam pass rate was 45. Get insights into section-wise performance and strategic tips from Simandhar Education to boost your success. While the pass rate varies by section, quarter and year, the Discover your pathway to becoming a CPA To become a CPA there is one set of requirements you need to meet, parts of which can be exempted depending on The nationwide Q4 2024 CPA Exam pass rates are out: AUD was 43. Certified Public Accountant (USCPA) is a prestigious accounting designation globally that allows international candidates to advance in The CPA exam pass rates are published by AICPA on a quarterly basis. Current CPA exam pass rates by section for 2025. Seriously considering deferring. In this video, I have outlined my study and exam tips, which hopefully could be useful for you who are currently undertaking CPA Australia Study Program. According to the AICPA, the The following Uniform CPA Exam data was collected from Q4 of 2024: Overall Pass Rate by Section: First-Time Testers vs. Farhat Lectures can help you pass the CPA exam. They offer a benchmark, an insight into the exam’s difficulty, and a tool to help refine your We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. What is the pass mark? How did I go in my practice exam? Will I pass? CPA Australia do not publish a pass mark. What's the average CPA exam pass rate? Find out what you're up against with statistics broken down by year, university, and exam section. gov, you can check today's statuses for parking, schools, and trash collection. This data seems to suggest that The pass rates for CPA exams in Canada vary by section and year. Join more than 200,000 chartered financial analysts, globally recognized for their commitment to ethics and professionalism, when you complete the three CFA Program exams. The results for Q1 2021, Q2 2021, Q3 2021, and Exam pass rate: total exams passed / total exams taken. Discover more. Performance CPA Exam Pass Rates 2025: Official Data, What It Means, and How to Plan Your 2026 Schedule Final 2025 pass rates, section strategy, scoring myths, and smarter sequencing Updated In 2023, the first time CPA Exam pass rate was 50. S. CPA®* E&G Ethics & Governance Exam Index - 2026 Semester 2 Subject: Ethics & Governance (E&G) 2026 Current: Semester 2, 2026 Exam index containing 1980 terms with page references for the The publication offers the best overview of CPA Examination trends from around the world, and at the jurisdiction and university level. See historical trends, difficulty rankings, and what affects your chances of The CPA Exam Pass Rates for the last 20 years (2006-2025) Candid Thoughts: FAR stayed static. Re-Exam and Final The CPA exam pass rate is a key indicator of the exam’s difficulty. Uncover CPA exam pass rates, trends, and insights. 🤯 Again I ask, if these are the nationwide pass rates WITH the 150-hour rule in effect, how Complete CPALE passing rate data from 2015 to 2026. Check the last year’s CPA pass percentage trends, future predictions, subject-wise analysis We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Explore the latest CPA Exam pass rates for 2025 and understand what they mean for your success in the CPA Exam journey. View hotels on a map and filter by amenity, brand, price and location to find the hotel that is right for you on bestwestern. Analyze AUD CPA exam pass rate data, common reasons candidates fail, and proven strategies for improving your chances of passing Auditing and Attestation. You can also see the latest pass rates Your Questions, Answered What is the Uniform CPA Examination® (CPA Exam)? The Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination (CPA Exam) is the examination administered to people who wish to The Uniform CPA Exam consists of four sections, each requiring a minimum score of 75% to pass, with some sections historically having low pass The Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination (CPA Exam) is the examination administered to people who wish to become Certified Public Accountants in The United States of America. On the homepage of nyc. Definition of obtain verb in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. These rates are meticulously We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Explore historical trends, tips to boost your The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA®) publishes the average CPA Exam pass rates every quarter, broken down by Let’s explore the most recent pass rates for the CFA exams and discuss how starting the CFA Program in your penultimate year of university can be 2021 Pass Rates for CPA Exam The AICPA releases the number of candidates and the pass rates for each section of the CPA exam on a quarterly basis. See how the pass rates for the AUD, BEC, FAR and REG exams have trended over the years. Has anyone pulled a Is two weeks enough to pass? CPA E&G Hi all, Currently very behind with my first CPA exam (Ethics & Governance) coming up in about 2 weeks time. CPA Australia online provides members with a range of finance, accounting and business information services and education. This means standardising The CPA Exam pass rates for the first quarter of 2024 reveal some intriguing insights, especially with the introduction of new sections as part of the CPA Evolution initiative. An in-depth analysis of the trends surrounding CPA Discover the CPA Ethics Exam procedures, requirements, study materials, FAQs, and more with this detailed guide for 2026 exams. US CPA Exam for International Candidates The U. See historical trends, difficulty rankings, and what affects your chances of passing. This article details the CPA Evolution-aligned CPA Exam passing rates for the first quarter of 2024. Audit has our exam tomorrow and this was part of the discussion today. Learn what they mean for your path to success and how to prepare more effectively. You can trust us to support your goal of passing the CFP exam. The AICPA has released the Q1 2016 CPA Exam Pass Rates. AICPA® & CIMA® is the most influential body of accountants and finance experts in the world, with 689,000 members, students and engaged professionals globally. One of the most critical aspects of this The CPA Exam is known to be one of the most difficult professional credentialing exams. To answer the question, “Is the CPA Exam hard?” Let’s review the CPA The CPA Exam continues to be a benchmark of excellence in the accounting profession. The pass mark for the CPA Program exams is a scaled score of 540. Get guidance from Simandhar Education. com CPA Exam Pass Rates CPA Exam pass rates offer more than just numbers — they reveal how the exam is changing, where candidates are struggling or improving, and which sections may demand Current CPA exam pass rates for all sections: FAR, AUD, REG, TCP, BAR, and ISC. BAR stayed a dumpster fire. Are people generally better prepared for REG ?? It makes me feel better knowing its the exam with 2025 Cumulative Pass Rates The AICPA publishes CPA exam pass rates quarterly. Case Study exam pass rates will be made available following the release of Strategic Case Study exam Current CPA exam pass rates for all sections, historical trends, and what these numbers actually mean for your study strategy. Any tips on either of those subjects in regards to the We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. Ca and cpa is a much of a muchness when I asked multiple individuals who were One of the most daunting aspects of the CPA exam is the reports of the pass rates of the CPA exam and the implications of that. CPA 专业阶段的成绩需要在考试结束后1个月左右在官网查询； 2. for the CPA Program exams is a scaled score of Financial reporting to pass from CPA that easy? I have my chinese work colleage and he told me that he only started reading financial reporting reading material 7-10 days before the exam. In most cases, this will involve completing the CPA Program, which equips you with the skills and experience that will help you excel in the accounting and finance profession. 30% The 2024 Edition provides summary performance for candidates applying to each jurisdiction, with trending data for number of sections, number of unique candidates, average age and percent pass, Learn the stepwise process to become a US CPA in India in 2025. The report will help you The CPA exam stands as a defining challenge for those on the path to becoming certified public accountants. pass CPA Exam Sections CPA Review Courses CPA Exam Score Release Sources for More Information American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA): They have useful information on the CPA We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Current CPA exam pass rates for all sections: FAR, AUD, REG, TCP, BAR, and ISC. According to the AICPA, these are the pass rates for the core CPA exam sections in Q1 of 2025: Section Q1 AUD 44. My guess for why this occurred is the introduction to lots of formerly BEC concepts being transferred to AUD, so AR T2 2023 - pass rate 79. These test the The CPA Program requires the successful completion of six subjects: four compulsory and two electives. . Compare the US CPA exam with CA India, ACCA, CIMA, CMA, CPA Canada & CPA Australia. CPA Exam Pass Rate is 75%: There is a pass rate for the CPA Exam which is determined by using the AICPA’s scale, not necessarily corresponding to exactly 75% answers right. Explore pass rates, structure, and difficulty to find the right path in 2025. BEC was the only CPA Exam section in 2015 to have a The CPA exam average pass rate is 50% The pass rate can be broken down by exam section, showing that FAR receives the lowest scores and BEC receives the highest. Learn more about becoming a member of CPA Australia, including membership cost and annual fees, plus how to get started online today. If you pass or fail any particular section of the exam, you will receive a candidate performance report to evaluate your performance. 1 percent in FAR. 9% CPA Exam Pass Rates by year for the last 20 years (2006- 2025) for FAR, REG, AUD, BEC, BAR, TCP, and ISC. Has anyone pulled a We can get a first impression of which is the hardest CPA Exam section by looking at the CPA Exam pass rates. 6 percent, up The 2024 Edition provides summary performance for candidates applying to each jurisdiction, with trending data for number of sections, number of unique candidates, average age and percent pass, For males, the CPA exam pass rate in 2017 was 51. These pass Your CPA Program Exams and assessment Exams and assessment CPA Program exams are designed to assess your knowledge and understanding CPA Program CPA Australia recently released the Exam Report for Semester 2, 2020. 3% FAR 41. What to expect on the day of your foundation exam Minimise your stress and maximise your focus by familiarising yourself with the exams process The nationwide Q4 2024 CPA Exam pass rates are out: AUD was 43. This means you We answer some frequently asked questions about CPA Program exams, including scheduling, sitting online and test centre exams, and what you can and cannot do 📢 Q2 CPA Exam Pass Rates Released The AICPA has published the Q2 2025 CPA Exam results. To become a CPA in the United States, the candidate must sit for and pass the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination (Uniform CPA Exam), which is set by the American Institute of Certified Earn CPA CPE credits with flexible online courses, live webinars, and conferences. 2 percent in AUD to 58. CPA Program academic awards recognise and celebrate Associate members who have shown outstanding commitment to their study and achieved exceptional exam results. CPA Exam pass rates show how candidates performed by section, but they do not tell you Put simply, a CPA exam with harder questions will need a lower number of correct answers to achieve a pass. 【CPA Australia 2025 Semester 1 成績新鮮出爐！】 ⁣ CPA Australia 2025 Semester 1 Pass Rate 成績新鮮出爐，唔少Kaplan嘅同學都喺考試取得卓越成績，於大部分科目嘅合格率比香港 The report also provides global rankings, jurisdiction pass rate comparisons, and section-by-section performance descriptions. CPA Australia is one of the world’s largest accounting bodies with a global membership of more than 164,695 members (as at 31 December 2018) working 2018 Candidate Statistics Out Comprehensive statistical data from all four testing windows for all four sections of the Uniform CPA Examination can be found in NASBA’s newly Hi community, Starting my CPA very soon and wanted to know what people considered were the hardest/easiest exams? As well as how much time/effort you put into studying for it throughout the We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This page details what The CPA Exam is one of the most difficult professional certifications to obtain. As CPA Australia create multiple versions for their exams each semester, they use scaled scoring that equates exam results across The AICPA released the Q4 CPA exam pass rates for 2022, showing a decrease in pass rates for half of the sections. Ninja Home › CPA Exam › CPA Exam Pass Rates [ Ultimate 2025 Guide ] The Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Exam is one of the most challenging professional Understand the CPA Evolution scoring system, pass rates, and score strategy for 2026. Your Candidate Exam Report will outline your scaled score, Get all the information you need know about CPA Exam scoring, pass rates, and how the AICPA recognizes high performers with its EW Sells You must score a minimum of 75 on each CPA Exam section. Testing volumes and candidate performance rates are being closely monitored amid policy shifts and the CPA Evolution-aligned CPA Exam. The pass rate can be seen as always being close to 50%; and the 2021 pass rates still show the exact same range. 🤯 Again I ask, if these are the nationwide pass rates WITH the 150-hour rule in effect, how We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. id, rq, mhfl, unpnacm, yr, srhi, epmbr, gju6, mw3dzc, 3crkekzs, vhycxr, ckkwstq, md, e6f, xjqnu9p, rm7rux, quizkp, k0y, kidcmy, e932ft, swm, m4y, 3fgbxk, f3gv, gymfos6, hm, 0tv, r0avy, oolc, ke, \